Paragon Active Assurance (Formerly Netrounds): Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation
CVE-2022-22229 is a high-severity improper neutralization of input during web page generation vulnerability in Paragon Active Assurance (Formerly Netrounds) from Juniper Networks, with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 8.4 out of 10. It can be exploited remotely over the network by an attacker with administrator privileges, but only if a user takes part, for example by opening a link or file. The record lists versions 3.1.1, 3.2.1 as the first without the flaw, so updating Paragon Active Assurance (Formerly Netrounds) to one of those releases or later removes the exposure. There is no confirmed exploitation so far. EPSS estimates a 0.83% chance of exploitation within 30 days, higher than 58% of scored CVEs.
High severity with no evidence of exploitation so far.
What to do
- Update Paragon Active Assurance (Formerly Netrounds) to 3.1.1 or 3.2.1, whichever matches your release line, or a later version.
- Update Paragon Active Assurance Control Center to 3.1.1 or a later version.
- Read the advisory on kb.juniper.net for workarounds and exact fixed builds.
- Because the attack needs a user to take part, warn users about unexpected links and files related to this product until it is patched.
Affected products and versions
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Juniper Networks | Paragon Active Assurance (Formerly Netrounds) | before 3.1.1; 3.2 up to, but not including, 3.2.1 | 3.1.1, 3.2.1 |
| Juniper Networks | Paragon Active Assurance Control Center | before 3.1.1; 3.2.0 | 3.1.1 |
Version data comes from the organisation that assigned the CVE. Confirm against the vendor advisory before deciding you are unaffected.
How the severity score breaks down
- Attack vector
- NetworkCan be exploited remotely over a network, including the internet.
- Attack complexity
- LowNo special conditions are needed; the attack works reliably.
- Privileges required
- HighAdministrator-level access is required first.
- User interaction
- RequiredA user must take an action such as opening a file or link.
- Scope
- ChangedThe attack can reach beyond the vulnerable component into other systems.
- Confidentiality
- HighAll data handled by the component can be read.
- Integrity
- HighData or code can be modified at will.
- Availability
- HighThe component can be taken down completely.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H. Scored by CNA (juniper.net).
Official description
An Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability, a stored XSS (or persistent), in the Control Center Controller web pages of Juniper Networks Paragon Active Assurance (Formerly Netrounds) allows a high-privilege attacker with 'WRITE' permissions to store one or more malicious scripts that will infect any other authorized user's account when they accidentally trigger the malicious script(s) while managing the device. Triggering these attacks enables the attacker to execute commands with the permissions up to that of the superuser account. This issue affects: Juniper Networks Paragon Active Assurance (Formerly Netrounds) All versions prior to 3.1.1; 3.2 versions prior to 3.2.1.
Source: the CVE record as published by its numbering authority, via NVD and CVE.org.
The underlying weakness: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation
The product does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input before it is placed in output that is used as a web page that is served to other users.
How developers prevent this class of flaw
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid. Examples of libraries and frameworks that make it easier to generate properly encoded output include Microsoft's Anti-XSS library, the OWASP ESAPI Encoding module, and Apache Wicket.
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
More Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation vulnerabilities (CWE-79)
Timeline
- CVE record published.
- CISA published its SSVC assessment (exploitation: none, automatable: no, technical impact: total).
- Record last changed materially (score, affected products, status or references).
References
Advisories
Recent Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation vulnerabilities
- 8.0 High severity
- 7.3 High severity
- 9.6 Critical severity
- 8.3 High severity
- 6.1 Medium severity
- 9.0 Critical severity
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