KEPServerEX: Stack-based Buffer Overflow
CVE-2022-2825 is a critical-severity stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in KEPServerEX from Kepware, with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.8 out of 10. It can be exploited remotely over the network by an unauthenticated attacker, without any action from a user. Affected KEPServerEX versions: 6.11.718.0. The record does not name a fixed version, so check the vendor advisory. There is no confirmed exploitation so far. EPSS estimates a 3.4% chance of exploitation within 30 days, higher than 89% of scored CVEs.
Critical severity: a successful attack would have severe impact.
What to do
- Update Industrial Gateway Server to 7.612 or a later version.
- Update Kepware Kepserverex to 6.12 or a later version.
- Update Opc-aggregator to 6.12 or a later version.
- Until you can update, restrict network access to the affected service so it is not reachable from untrusted networks.
Affected products and versions
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kepware | KEPServerEX | 6.11.718.0 | Not stated |
| Ge | Industrial Gateway Server | before 7.612 | 7.612 |
| Ptc | Kepware Kepserverex | before 6.12 | 6.12 |
| Ptc | Opc-aggregator | before 6.12 | 6.12 |
| Ptc | Thingworx Industrial Connectivity | Not specified in the record | Not stated |
| Ptc | Thingworx Kepware Edge | before 1.4 | 1.4 |
| Ptc | Thingworx Kepware Server | before 6.12 | 6.12 |
| Rockwell Automation | Kepserver Enterprise | before 6.12 | 6.12 |
| Softwaretoolbox | Top Server | before 6.12 | 6.12 |
Version data comes from the organisation that assigned the CVE. Confirm against the vendor advisory before deciding you are unaffected.
How the severity score breaks down
- Attack vector
- NetworkCan be exploited remotely over a network, including the internet.
- Attack complexity
- LowNo special conditions are needed; the attack works reliably.
- Privileges required
- NoneNo account or login is needed.
- User interaction
- NoneNo action by a victim is required.
- Scope
- UnchangedImpact stays within the vulnerable component.
- Confidentiality
- HighAll data handled by the component can be read.
- Integrity
- HighData or code can be modified at will.
- Availability
- HighThe component can be taken down completely.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H. Scored by NVD.
| Scoring system | Score | Severity | Scored by |
|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS 3.1 | 9.8 | Critical | NVD |
| CVSS 3.1 | 9.8 | Critical | CISA (ADP) |
| CVSS 3.0 | 9.8 | Critical | CNA (trendmicro.com) |
Official description
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Kepware KEPServerEX 6.11.718.0. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the handling of text encoding conversions. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of SYSTEM. Was ZDI-CAN-18411.
Source: the CVE record as published by its numbering authority, via NVD and CVE.org.
The underlying weakness: Stack-based Buffer Overflow
The product writes past the end of a buffer that was allocated on the stack.
How developers prevent this class of flaw
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking. D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND discusses canary-based detection in detail.
- Use an abstraction library to abstract away risky APIs. Not a complete solution.
- Implement and perform bounds checking on input.
Timeline
- CVE record published.
- CISA published its SSVC assessment (exploitation: none, automatable: yes, technical impact: total).
- Record last changed materially (score, affected products, status or references).
References
Third-party and government advisories
- cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-22-242-10Third Party Advisory, US Government Resource
- zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-22-1455/Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry
Other vulnerabilities in KEPServerEX
- 9.1 Critical severity
Recent Stack-based Buffer Overflow vulnerabilities
- 8.8 High severity
- 8.8 High severity
- 7.8 High severity
- 7.8 High severity
- 7.8 High severity
- 7.8 High severity
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