Free Hospital Management System for Small…: Improper Enforcement of Behavioral Workflow
CVE-2023-4181 is a critical-severity improper enforcement of behavioral workflow vulnerability in Free Hospital Management System for Small Practices from SourceCodester, with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.8 out of 10. It can be exploited remotely over the network by an unauthenticated attacker, without any action from a user. Affected Free Hospital Management System for Small Practices versions: 1.0. The record does not name a fixed version, so check the vendor advisory. There is no confirmed exploitation so far. EPSS estimates a 1.1% chance of exploitation within 30 days, higher than 66% of scored CVEs.
Critical severity: a successful attack would have severe impact.
What to do
- Check which version of Free Hospital Management System for Small Practices you run against the affected versions below, and install the vendor's latest release.
- Until you can update, restrict network access to the affected service so it is not reachable from untrusted networks.
Affected products and versions
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| SourceCodester | Free Hospital Management System for Small Practices | 1.0 | Not stated |
Version data comes from the organisation that assigned the CVE. Confirm against the vendor advisory before deciding you are unaffected.
How the severity score breaks down
- Attack vector
- NetworkCan be exploited remotely over a network, including the internet.
- Attack complexity
- LowNo special conditions are needed; the attack works reliably.
- Privileges required
- NoneNo account or login is needed.
- User interaction
- NoneNo action by a victim is required.
- Scope
- UnchangedImpact stays within the vulnerable component.
- Confidentiality
- HighAll data handled by the component can be read.
- Integrity
- HighData or code can be modified at will.
- Availability
- HighThe component can be taken down completely.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H. Scored by NVD.
| Scoring system | Score | Severity | Scored by |
|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS 3.1 | 5.4 | Medium | CNA (vuldb.com) |
| CVSS 3.1 | 9.8 | Critical | NVD |
| CVSS 2.0 | 5.5 | Medium | CNA (vuldb.com) |
Official description
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in SourceCodester Free Hospital Management System for Small Practices 1.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /vm/admin/delete-doctor.php?id=2 of the component Redirect Handler. The manipulation leads to enforcement of behavioral workflow. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-236216.
Source: the CVE record as published by its numbering authority, via NVD and CVE.org.
The underlying weakness: Improper Enforcement of Behavioral Workflow
The product supports a session in which more than one behavior must be performed by an actor, but it does not properly ensure that the actor performs the behaviors in the required sequence or timeframe.
More Improper Enforcement of Behavioral Workflow vulnerabilities (CWE-841)
Timeline
- CVE record published.
- Record last changed materially (score, affected products, status or references).
References
Third-party and government advisories
- vuldb.com/?ctiid.236216Permissions Required, Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry
- vuldb.com/?id.236216Permissions Required, Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry
Technical write-ups (may include proof of concept)
- github.com/Yesec/Free-Hospital-Management-System-for-Small-Practices/blob/main/vertical%20privilege%20escalat…Exploit, Third Party Advisory
Other vulnerabilities in Free Hospital Management System for Small Practices
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
Recent Improper Enforcement of Behavioral Workflow vulnerabilities
- 9.1 Critical severity
- 7.5 High severity
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