NPort IAW5000A-I/O Series: Use of Hard-coded Credentials
CVE-2023-4204 is a critical-severity use of hard-coded credentials vulnerability in NPort IAW5000A-I/O Series from Moxa, with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.8 out of 10. It can be exploited remotely over the network by an unauthenticated attacker, without any action from a user. Affected NPort IAW5000A-I/O Series versions: 1.0 through 2.2. The record does not name a fixed version, so check the vendor advisory. There is no confirmed exploitation so far. EPSS estimates a 0.39% chance of exploitation within 30 days, which is low compared with other CVEs.
Critical severity: a successful attack would have severe impact.
What to do
- Check which version of NPort IAW5000A-I/O Series you run against the affected versions below, and install the vendor's latest release.
- Read the advisory on moxa.com for workarounds and exact fixed builds.
- Until you can update, restrict network access to the affected service so it is not reachable from untrusted networks.
Affected products and versions
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Moxa | NPort IAW5000A-I/O Series | 1.0 through 2.2 | Not stated |
| Moxa | Nport Iaw5000a-i/o Firmware | 2.2 and earlier | Not stated |
Version data comes from the organisation that assigned the CVE. Confirm against the vendor advisory before deciding you are unaffected.
How the severity score breaks down
- Attack vector
- NetworkCan be exploited remotely over a network, including the internet.
- Attack complexity
- LowNo special conditions are needed; the attack works reliably.
- Privileges required
- NoneNo account or login is needed.
- User interaction
- NoneNo action by a victim is required.
- Scope
- UnchangedImpact stays within the vulnerable component.
- Confidentiality
- HighAll data handled by the component can be read.
- Integrity
- HighData or code can be modified at will.
- Availability
- HighThe component can be taken down completely.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H. Scored by NVD.
| Scoring system | Score | Severity | Scored by |
|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS 3.1 | 5.4 | Medium | CNA (moxa.com) |
| CVSS 3.1 | 9.8 | Critical | NVD |
Official description
NPort IAW5000A-I/O Series firmware version v2.2 and prior is affected by a hardcoded credential vulnerabilitywhich poses a potential risk to the security and integrity of the affected device. This vulnerability is attributed to the presence of a hardcoded key, which could potentially facilitate firmware manipulation.
Source: the CVE record as published by its numbering authority, via NVD and CVE.org.
The underlying weakness: Use of Hard-coded Credentials
The product contains hard-coded credentials, such as a password or cryptographic key.
How developers prevent this class of flaw
- For outbound authentication: store passwords, keys, and other credentials outside of the code in a strongly-protected, encrypted configuration file or database that is protected from access by all outsiders, including other local users on the same system. Properly protect the key (CWE-320). If you cannot use encryption to protect the file, then make sure that the permissions are as restrictive as possible. In Windows environments, the Encrypted File System (EFS) may provide some protection.
- For inbound authentication: Rather than hard-code a default username and password, key, or other authentication credentials for first time logins, utilize a first login mode that requires the user to enter a unique strong password or key.
- If the product must contain hard-coded credentials or they cannot be removed, perform access control checks and limit which entities can access the feature that requires the hard-coded credentials. For example, a feature might only be enabled through the system console instead of through a network connection.
More Use of Hard-coded Credentials vulnerabilities (CWE-798)
Timeline
- CVE record published.
- CISA published its SSVC assessment (exploitation: none, automatable: no, technical impact: partial).
- Record last changed materially (score, affected products, status or references).
References
Other vulnerabilities in NPort IAW5000A-I/O Series
- 8.8 High severity
Recent Use of Hard-coded Credentials vulnerabilities
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 7.5 High severity
- 7.5 High severity
- 7.2 High severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
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