CVE-2023-44487Exploited in the wildNVD status: Analyzed
HTTP/2 Rapid Reset Attack
CVE-2023-44487 is a high-severity uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability in http from IETF, with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.5 out of 10. It can be exploited remotely over the network by an unauthenticated attacker, without any action from a user. Affected http versions: 2.0. The record does not name a fixed version, so check the vendor advisory. CISA added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalogue on October 10, 2023, which means attacks have been observed in the wild.
Patch now
Attackers are already exploiting this vulnerability, according to CISA.
What to do
- Update SINEC NMS to V3.0 or a later version.
- Update Sinec Ins to 1.0 or a later version.
- Update St7 Scadaconnect to 1.1 or a later version.
- CISA's required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
- Read the advisory on access.redhat.com for workarounds and exact fixed builds.
- Until you can update, restrict network access to the affected service so it is not reachable from untrusted networks.
Affected products and versions
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ietf | http | 2.0 | Not stated |
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM APE1808 | all versions | Not stated |
| Siemens | SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP | V3.1.5 and later | Not stated |
| Siemens | SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP | V3.1.5 and later | Not stated |
| Siemens | SINEC NMS | before V3.0 | V3.0 |
| Siemens | SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP | V3.1.5 and later | Not stated |
| Siemens | Simatic S7-1500 Cpu 1518f-4 Pn/dp Mfp Firmware | 3.1.5 and later | Not stated |
| Siemens | Sinec Ins | before 1.0; 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Siemens | St7 Scadaconnect | before 1.1 | 1.1 |
| Siemens | Ruggedcom Ape1808 Firmware | Not specified in the record | Not stated |
| Siemens | Simatic S7-1500 Cpu 1518-4 Pn/dp Mfp Firmware | 3.1.5 and later | Not stated |
| Siemens | Siplus S7-1500 Cpu 1518-4 Pn/dp Mfp Firmware | 3.1.5 and later | Not stated |
| Nghttp2 | Nghttp2 | before 1.57.0 | 1.57.0 |
| Netty | Netty | before 4.1.100 | 4.1.100 |
| Envoyproxy | Envoy | 1.24.10; 1.25.9; 1.26.4; 1.27.0 | Not stated |
| Eclipse | Jetty | before 9.4.53; 10.0.0 up to, but not including, 10.0.17; 11.0.0 up to, but not including, 11.0.17; 12.0.0 up to, but not including, 12.0.2 | 9.4.53, 10.0.17, 11.0.17, 12.0.2 |
| Caddyserver | Caddy | before 2.7.5 | 2.7.5 |
| Go | Go | before 1.20.10; 1.21.0 up to, but not including, 1.21.3 | 1.20.10, 1.21.3 |
| Go | Http2 | before 0.17.0 | 0.17.0 |
| Go | Networking | before 0.17.0 | 0.17.0 |
| F5 | Big-ip Access Policy Manager | 13.1.0 through 13.1.5; 14.1.0 through 14.1.5; 15.1.0 through 15.1.10; 16.1.0 through 16.1.4; 17.1.0 | Not stated |
| F5 | Big-ip Advanced Firewall Manager | 13.1.0 through 13.1.5; 14.1.0 through 14.1.5; 15.1.0 through 15.1.10; 16.1.0 through 16.1.4; 17.1.0 | Not stated |
| F5 | Big-ip Advanced Web Application Firewall | 13.1.0 through 13.1.5; 14.1.0 through 14.1.5; 15.1.0 through 15.1.10; 16.1.0 through 16.1.4; 17.1.0 | Not stated |
| F5 | Big-ip Analytics | 13.1.0 through 13.1.5; 14.1.0 through 14.1.5; 15.1.0 through 15.1.10; 16.1.0 through 16.1.4; 17.1.0 | Not stated |
| F5 | Big-ip Application Acceleration Manager | 13.1.0 through 13.1.5; 14.1.0 through 14.1.5; 15.1.0 through 15.1.10; 16.1.0 through 16.1.4; 17.1.0 | Not stated |
Version data comes from the organisation that assigned the CVE; 35 further products are omitted here. Confirm against the vendor advisory before deciding you are unaffected.
How the severity score breaks down
- Attack vector
- NetworkCan be exploited remotely over a network, including the internet.
- Attack complexity
- LowNo special conditions are needed; the attack works reliably.
- Privileges required
- NoneNo account or login is needed.
- User interaction
- NoneNo action by a victim is required.
- Scope
- UnchangedImpact stays within the vulnerable component.
- Confidentiality
- NoneNo data is disclosed.
- Integrity
- NoneNothing can be modified.
- Availability
- HighThe component can be taken down completely.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H. Scored by NVD.
| Scoring system | Score | Severity | Scored by |
|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS 3.1 | 7.5 | High | NVD |
| CVSS 3.1 | 7.5 | High | CISA (ADP) |
Official description
The HTTP/2 protocol allows a denial of service (server resource consumption) because request cancellation can reset many streams quickly, as exploited in the wild in August through October 2023.
Source: the CVE record as published by its numbering authority, via NVD and CVE.org.
The underlying weakness: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.
How developers prevent this class of flaw
- Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.
- Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.
More Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerabilities (CWE-400)
Timeline
- CVE record published.
- Added to CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalogue.
- Deadline for US federal agencies to remediate, set by CISA.
- CISA published its SSVC assessment (exploitation: active, automatable: yes, technical impact: partial).
- Record last changed materially (score, affected products, status or references).
References
Advisories
- access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2023-44487
- aws.amazon.com/security/security-bulletins/AWS-2023-011/Third Party Advisory
- blog.cloudflare.com/technical-breakdown-http2-rapid-reset-ddos-attack/Technical Description
- blog.cloudflare.com/zero-day-rapid-reset-http2-record-breaking-ddos-attack/Third Party Advisory
- blog.litespeedtech.com/2023/10/11/rapid-reset-http-2-vulnerablilty/
- blog.vespa.ai/cve-2023-44487/
- bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2242803Issue Tracking
- bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1216123Issue Tracking
- cgit.freebsd.org/ports/commit/?id=c64c329c2c1752f46b73e3e6ce9f4329be6629f9Mailing List
- cloud.google.com/blog/products/identity-security/google-cloud-mitigated-largest-ddos-attack-peaking-above-398…Technical Description
- cloud.google.com/blog/products/identity-security/how-it-works-the-novel-http2-rapid-reset-ddos-attackTechnical Description
- community.traefik.io/t/is-traefik-vulnerable-to-cve-2023-44487/20125
- forums.swift.org/t/swift-nio-http2-security-update-cve-2023-44487-http-2-dos/67764
- github.com/advisories/GHSA-qppj-fm5r-hxr3
- github.com/advisories/GHSA-vx74-f528-fxqgMitigation
Patches and release notes
- gist.github.com/adulau/7c2bfb8e9cdbe4b35a5e131c66a0c088Issue Tracking
- github.com/apache/httpd-site/pull/10Issue Tracking
- github.com/apache/trafficserver/pull/10564Issue Tracking
- github.com/caddyserver/caddy/releases/tag/v2.7.5Release Notes, Third Party Advisory
- github.com/dotnet/core/blob/e4613450ea0da7fd2fc6b61dfb2c1c1dec1ce9ec/release-notes/6.0/6.0.23/6.0.23.md?plain…Product, Release Notes
- github.com/envoyproxy/envoy/pull/30055Issue Tracking
- github.com/etcd-io/etcd/issues/16740Issue Tracking
- github.com/facebook/proxygen/pull/466Issue Tracking
- github.com/grpc/grpc-go/pull/6703Issue Tracking
- github.com/grpc/grpc/releases/tag/v1.59.2Mailing List
- github.com/h2o/h2o/pull/3291Issue Tracking
- github.com/kazu-yamamoto/http2/commit/f61d41a502bd0f60eb24e1ce14edc7b6df6722a1
- github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/121120Issue Tracking
Third-party and government advisories
- openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/10/10/6Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
- openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/10/10/7Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
- openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/10/13/4Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
- openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/10/13/9Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
- openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/10/18/4Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
- openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/10/18/8Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
- openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/10/19/6Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
- openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/10/20/8Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
- arstechnica.com/security/2023/10/how-ddosers-used-the-http-2-protocol-to-deliver-attacks-of-unprecedented-siz…Press/Media Coverage, Third Party Advisory
- blog.qualys.com/vulnerabilities-threat-research/2023/10/10/cve-2023-44487-http-2-rapid-reset-attackPress/Media Coverage, Third Party Advisory
- bugzilla.proxmox.com/show_bug.cgi?id=4988Issue Tracking, Third Party Advisory
- discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2023-32-vault-consul-and-boundary-affected-by-http-2-rapid-reset-denial-of-serv…Third Party Advisory
- github.com/apache/tomcat/tree/main/java/org/apache/coyote/http2Product, Third Party Advisory
- github.com/bcdannyboy/CVE-2023-44487Third Party Advisory
Other references
- github.com/Azure/AKS/issues/3947Issue Tracking
- github.com/Kong/kong/discussions/11741Issue Tracking
- github.com/akka/akka-http/issues/4323Issue Tracking
- github.com/alibaba/tengine/issues/1872Issue Tracking
- github.com/apache/apisix/issues/10320Issue Tracking
- github.com/apache/httpd/blob/afcdbeebbff4b0c50ea26cdd16e178c0d1f24152/modules/http2/h2_mplx.c#L1101-L1113Product
- github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/issues/10679Issue Tracking
- github.com/golang/go/issues/63417Issue Tracking
- github.com/haproxy/haproxy/issues/2312Issue Tracking
- github.com/icing/mod_h2/blob/0a864782af0a942aa2ad4ed960a6b32cd35bcf0a/mod_http2/README.md?plain=1#L239-L244Product
- github.com/junkurihara/rust-rpxy/issues/97Issue Tracking
- github.com/kazu-yamamoto/http2/issues/93Issue Tracking
Recent Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerabilities
- 7.5 High severity
- 7.5 High severity
- 8.6 High severity
- 7.5 High severity
- 7.5 High severity
- 7.5 High severity
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