FortiOS: Use of Externally-Controlled Format String
CVE-2023-45583 is a high-severity use of externally-controlled format string vulnerability in FortiOS from Fortinet, with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.2 out of 10. It can be exploited remotely over the network by an attacker with administrator privileges, without any action from a user. Affected FortiOS versions: 7.4.0; 7.2.0 through 7.2.5; 7.0.0 through 7.0.19, and others listed below. The record does not name a fixed version, so check the vendor advisory. There is no confirmed exploitation so far. EPSS estimates a 0.66% chance of exploitation within 30 days, higher than 52% of scored CVEs.
High severity with no evidence of exploitation so far.
What to do
- Check which version of FortiOS you run against the affected versions below, and install the vendor's latest release.
- Read the advisory on fortiguard.com for workarounds and exact fixed builds.
Affected products and versions
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fortinet | FortiOS | 7.4.0; 7.2.0 through 7.2.5; 7.0.0 through 7.0.19; 6.4.0 through 6.4.16; 6.2.0 through 6.2.17; 7.0.0; 6.4.0; 6.2.0; and 1 more ranges | Not stated |
| Fortinet | FortiProxy | 7.2.0 through 7.2.5; 7.0.0 through 7.0.11; 2.0.0 through 2.0.14; 1.2.1 through 1.2.13; 01.02.00; 1.1.4 through 1.1.6; 01.01.00 through 01.01.03; 1.0.0 through 2.* | Not stated |
| Fortinet | FortiPAM | 1.1.0; 1.0.0 through 1.0.3; 1.0.0 through 1.1.* | Not stated |
| Fortinet | FortiSwitchManager | 7.2.0 through 7.2.2; 7.0.0 through 7.0.2 | Not stated |
Version data comes from the organisation that assigned the CVE. Confirm against the vendor advisory before deciding you are unaffected.
How the severity score breaks down
- Attack vector
- NetworkCan be exploited remotely over a network, including the internet.
- Attack complexity
- LowNo special conditions are needed; the attack works reliably.
- Privileges required
- HighAdministrator-level access is required first.
- User interaction
- NoneNo action by a victim is required.
- Scope
- UnchangedImpact stays within the vulnerable component.
- Confidentiality
- HighAll data handled by the component can be read.
- Integrity
- HighData or code can be modified at will.
- Availability
- HighThe component can be taken down completely.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H. Scored by NVD.
| Scoring system | Score | Severity | Scored by |
|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS 3.1 | 6.7 | Medium | CNA (fortinet.com) |
| CVSS 3.1 | 7.2 | High | NVD |
Official description
A use of externally-controlled format string vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.4.0, FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.2.5, FortiOS 7.0 all versions, FortiOS 6.4 all versions, FortiOS 6.2 all versions, FortiPAM 1.1.0, FortiPAM 1.0 all versions, FortiProxy 7.2.0 through 7.2.5, FortiProxy 7.0.0 through 7.0.11, FortiProxy 2.0 all versions, FortiProxy 01.02 all versions, FortiProxy 1.2 all versions, FortiProxy 01.01 all versions, FortiProxy 1.1 all versions, FortiSwitchManager 7.2.0 through 7.2.2, FortiSwitchManager 7.0.0 through 7.0.2 allows attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via specially crafted cli commands and http requests.
Source: the CVE record as published by its numbering authority, via NVD and CVE.org.
The underlying weakness: Use of Externally-Controlled Format String
The product uses a function that accepts a format string as an argument, but the format string originates from an external source.
How developers prevent this class of flaw
- Choose a language that is not subject to this flaw.
- Ensure that all format string functions are passed a static string which cannot be controlled by the user, and that the proper number of arguments are always sent to that function as well. If at all possible, use functions that do not support the %n operator in format strings.
- Run compilers and linkers with high warning levels, since they may detect incorrect usage.
More Use of Externally-Controlled Format String vulnerabilities (CWE-134)
Timeline
- CVE record published.
- CISA published its SSVC assessment (exploitation: none, automatable: no, technical impact: total).
- Record last changed materially (score, affected products, status or references).
References
Advisories
Other vulnerabilities in FortiOS
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 7.5 High severity
- 7.4 High severity
- 7.4 High severity
- 9.6 Critical severity
- 9.3 Critical severity
Recent Use of Externally-Controlled Format String vulnerabilities
- 8.8 High severity
- 8.1 High severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
Fortinet Multiple Products Format String Exploited
- 8.8 High severity
- 8.8 High severity
- 8.8 High severity
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