DIR-823X: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component
CVE-2025-10123 is a critical-severity improper neutralization of special elements in output used by a downstream component vulnerability in DIR-823X from D-Link, with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.8 out of 10. It can be exploited remotely over the network by an unauthenticated attacker, without any action from a user. Affected DIR-823X versions: 250416. The record does not name a fixed version, so check the vendor advisory. There is no confirmed exploitation so far. EPSS estimates a 4.46% chance of exploitation within 30 days, which is in the top 8.41% of all scored CVEs.
Critical severity: a successful attack would have severe impact.
What to do
- Check which version of DIR-823X you run against the affected versions below, and install the vendor's latest release.
- Until you can update, restrict network access to the affected service so it is not reachable from untrusted networks.
Affected products and versions
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| D-Link | DIR-823X | 250416 | Not stated |
| D-Link | Dir-823x Firmware | 250416 and earlier | Not stated |
Version data comes from the organisation that assigned the CVE. Confirm against the vendor advisory before deciding you are unaffected.
How the severity score breaks down
- Attack vector
- NetworkCan be exploited remotely over a network, including the internet.
- Attack complexity
- LowNo special conditions are needed; the attack works reliably.
- Privileges required
- NoneNo account or login is needed.
- User interaction
- NoneNo action by a victim is required.
- Scope
- UnchangedImpact stays within the vulnerable component.
- Confidentiality
- HighAll data handled by the component can be read.
- Integrity
- HighData or code can be modified at will.
- Availability
- HighThe component can be taken down completely.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H. Scored by NVD.
| Scoring system | Score | Severity | Scored by |
|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS 4.0 | 5.5 | Medium | CNA (vuldb.com) |
| CVSS 3.1 | 7.3 | High | CNA (vuldb.com) |
| CVSS 3.1 | 9.8 | Critical | NVD |
| CVSS 2.0 | 7.5 | High | CNA (vuldb.com) |
Official description
A vulnerability was determined in D-Link DIR-823X up to 250416. Affected by this vulnerability is the function sub_415028 of the file /goform/set_static_leases. Executing manipulation of the argument Hostname can lead to command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized.
Source: the CVE record as published by its numbering authority, via NVD and CVE.org.
The underlying weakness: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component
The product constructs all or part of a command, data structure, or record using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify how it is parsed or interpreted when it is sent to a downstream component.
How developers prevent this class of flaw
- Programming languages and supporting technologies might be chosen which are not subject to these issues.
- Utilize an appropriate mix of allowlist and denylist parsing to filter control-plane syntax from all input.
Timeline
- CVE record published.
- CISA published its SSVC assessment (exploitation: poc, automatable: yes, technical impact: total).
- Record last changed materially (score, affected products, status or references).
References
Third-party and government advisories
- vuldb.com/?id.323093Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry
- vuldb.com/?submit.645712Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry
Technical write-ups (may include proof of concept)
- github.com/lin-3-start/lin-cve/blob/main/DIR-823X/D-Link%20DIR-823X%20routers%20have%20an%20unauthorized%20co…Exploit, Third Party Advisory
- github.com/lin-3-start/lin-cve/blob/main/DIR-823X/D-Link%20DIR-823X%20routers%20have%20an%20unauthorized%20co…Exploit, Third Party Advisory
Other references
- vuldb.com/?ctiid.323093Permissions Required, VDB Entry
- dlink.com/Product
Other vulnerabilities in DIR-823X
- 7.2 High severity
- 7.2 High severity
- 7.2 High severity
- 7.2 High severity
- 7.2 High severity
- 7.2 High severity
Recent Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component vulnerabilities
- 8.6 High severity
- 7.2 High severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 7.3 High severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
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