AC21: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
CVE-2025-13445 is a critical-severity improper restriction of operations within the bounds of a memory buffer vulnerability in AC21 from Tenda, with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.8 out of 10. It can be exploited remotely over the network by an unauthenticated attacker, without any action from a user. Affected AC21 versions: 16.03.08.16. The record does not name a fixed version, so check the vendor advisory. There is no confirmed exploitation so far. EPSS estimates a 4.21% chance of exploitation within 30 days, which is in the top 8.87% of all scored CVEs.
Critical severity: a successful attack would have severe impact.
What to do
- Check which version of AC21 you run against the affected versions below, and install the vendor's latest release.
- Until you can update, restrict network access to the affected service so it is not reachable from untrusted networks.
Affected products and versions
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tenda | AC21 | 16.03.08.16 | Not stated |
| Tenda | Ac21 Firmware | 16.03.08.16 | Not stated |
Version data comes from the organisation that assigned the CVE. Confirm against the vendor advisory before deciding you are unaffected.
How the severity score breaks down
- Attack vector
- NetworkCan be exploited remotely over a network, including the internet.
- Attack complexity
- LowNo special conditions are needed; the attack works reliably.
- Privileges required
- NoneNo account or login is needed.
- User interaction
- NoneNo action by a victim is required.
- Scope
- UnchangedImpact stays within the vulnerable component.
- Confidentiality
- HighAll data handled by the component can be read.
- Integrity
- HighData or code can be modified at will.
- Availability
- HighThe component can be taken down completely.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H. Scored by NVD.
| Scoring system | Score | Severity | Scored by |
|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS 4.0 | 7.4 | High | CNA (vuldb.com) |
| CVSS 3.1 | 8.8 | High | CNA (vuldb.com) |
| CVSS 3.1 | 9.8 | Critical | NVD |
| CVSS 2.0 | 9.0 | High | CNA (vuldb.com) |
Official description
A flaw has been found in Tenda AC21 16.03.08.16. This affects an unknown part of the file /goform/SetIpMacBind. Executing a manipulation of the argument list can lead to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used.
Source: the CVE record as published by its numbering authority, via NVD and CVE.org.
The underlying weakness: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary.
How developers prevent this class of flaw
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid. For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer. Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid. Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega, and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking. D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Timeline
- CVE record published.
- CISA published its SSVC assessment (exploitation: poc, automatable: no, technical impact: total).
- Record last changed materially (score, affected products, status or references).
References
Third-party and government advisories
- vuldb.com/?id.333017Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry
- vuldb.com/?submit.694066Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry
Technical write-ups (may include proof of concept)
- github.com/Madgeaaaaa/MY_VULN_2/blob/main/Tenda/VULN7.mdExploit, Third Party Advisory
Other references
- vuldb.com/?ctiid.333017Permissions Required, VDB Entry
- tenda.com.cn/Product
Other vulnerabilities in AC21
- 8.8 High severity
- 7.5 High severity
- 8.8 High severity
- 8.8 High severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
Recent Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerabilities
- 8.8 High severity
- 8.8 High severity
- 8.8 High severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 8.8 High severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
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