Binaryen: Out-of-bounds Read
CVE-2025-14956 is a high-severity out-of-bounds read vulnerability in Binaryen from WebAssembly, with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.1 out of 10. It can be exploited with local access to the system by an attacker with a low-privileged account, without any action from a user. Affected Binaryen versions: 125. The record does not name a fixed version, so check the vendor advisory. There is no confirmed exploitation so far. EPSS estimates a 0.21% chance of exploitation within 30 days, which is low compared with other CVEs.
High severity with no evidence of exploitation so far.
What to do
- Check which version of Binaryen you run against the affected versions below, and install the vendor's latest release.
Affected products and versions
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| WebAssembly | Binaryen | 125 | Not stated |
Version data comes from the organisation that assigned the CVE. Confirm against the vendor advisory before deciding you are unaffected.
How the severity score breaks down
- Attack vector
- LocalThe attacker needs local access or must trick a user into running something.
- Attack complexity
- LowNo special conditions are needed; the attack works reliably.
- Privileges required
- LowA basic user account is enough.
- User interaction
- NoneNo action by a victim is required.
- Scope
- UnchangedImpact stays within the vulnerable component.
- Confidentiality
- HighAll data handled by the component can be read.
- Integrity
- NoneNothing can be modified.
- Availability
- HighThe component can be taken down completely.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H. Scored by NVD.
| Scoring system | Score | Severity | Scored by |
|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS 4.0 | 1.9 | Low | CNA (vuldb.com) |
| CVSS 3.1 | 5.3 | Medium | CNA (vuldb.com) |
| CVSS 3.1 | 7.1 | High | NVD |
| CVSS 2.0 | 4.3 | Medium | CNA (vuldb.com) |
Official description
A vulnerability was determined in WebAssembly Binaryen up to 125. Affected by this issue is the function WasmBinaryReader::readExport of the file src/wasm/wasm-binary.cpp. This manipulation causes heap-based buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack on the local host. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. Patch name: 4f52bff8c4075b5630422f902dd92a0af2c9f398. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.
Source: the CVE record as published by its numbering authority, via NVD and CVE.org.
The underlying weakness: Out-of-bounds Read
The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
How developers prevent this class of flaw
- Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.
Timeline
- CVE record published.
- CISA published its SSVC assessment (exploitation: none, automatable: no, technical impact: partial).
- Record last changed materially (score, affected products, status or references).
References
Patches and release notes
Third-party and government advisories
- vuldb.com/?id.337592Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry
Technical write-ups (may include proof of concept)
- github.com/WebAssembly/binaryen/issues/8089Exploit, Issue Tracking, Third Party Advisory
- vuldb.com/?submit.717315Exploit, Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry
Other references
- github.com/WebAssembly/binaryen/
- github.com/oneafter/1204/blob/main/hbfNot Applicable
- vuldb.com/?ctiid.337592Permissions Required, VDB Entry
Recent Out-of-bounds Read vulnerabilities
- 7.5 High severity
- 7.5 High severity
- 7.8 High severity
- 7.8 High severity
- 7.8 High severity
- 7.8 High severity
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