NPort 5000AI-M12 Series: Active Debug Code
CVE-2025-15017 is a high-severity active debug code vulnerability in NPort 5000AI-M12 Series from Moxa, with a CVSS 4.0 base score of 7.0 out of 10. It can be exploited with physical access to the device by an unauthenticated attacker, without any action from a user. Affected NPort 5000AI-M12 Series versions: 1.0. The record does not name a fixed version, so check the vendor advisory. There is no confirmed exploitation so far. EPSS estimates a 0.28% chance of exploitation within 30 days, which is low compared with other CVEs.
High severity with no evidence of exploitation so far.
What to do
- Check which version of NPort 5000AI-M12 Series you run against the affected versions below, and install the vendor's latest release.
- Read the advisory on moxa.com for workarounds and exact fixed builds.
Affected products and versions
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Moxa | NPort 5000AI-M12 Series | 1.0 | Not stated |
| Moxa | NPort 5100 Series | 1.0 | Not stated |
| Moxa | NPort 5100A Series | 1.0 | Not stated |
| Moxa | NPort 5200 Series | 1.0 | Not stated |
| Moxa | NPort 5200A Series | 1.0 | Not stated |
| Moxa | NPort 5400 Series | 1.0 | Not stated |
| Moxa | NPort 5600 Series | 1.0 | Not stated |
| Moxa | NPort 5600-DT Series | 1.0 | Not stated |
| Moxa | NPort IA5000 Series | 1.0 | Not stated |
| Moxa | NPort IA5000A Series | 1.0 | Not stated |
| Moxa | NPort IA5000-G2 Series | 1.0 | Not stated |
Version data comes from the organisation that assigned the CVE. Confirm against the vendor advisory before deciding you are unaffected.
How the severity score breaks down
- Attack vector
- PhysicalThe attacker must physically touch the device.
- Attack complexity
- LowNo special conditions are needed; the attack works reliably.
- Attack requirements
- NoneThe attack does not depend on a particular deployment or configuration.
- Privileges required
- NoneNo account or login is needed.
- User interaction
- NoneNo action by a victim is required.
- Confidentiality (vulnerable system)
- HighSerious loss of confidentiality on the vulnerable system.
- Integrity (vulnerable system)
- HighSerious loss of integrity on the vulnerable system.
- Availability (vulnerable system)
- HighSerious loss of availability on the vulnerable system.
- Confidentiality (other systems)
- NoneNo loss of confidentiality on systems beyond the vulnerable one.
- Integrity (other systems)
- NoneNo loss of integrity on systems beyond the vulnerable one.
- Availability (other systems)
- NoneNo loss of availability on systems beyond the vulnerable one.
Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X. Scored by CNA (moxa.com).
Official description
A vulnerability exists in serial device servers where active debug code remains enabled in the UART interface. An attacker with physical access to the device can directly connect to the UART interface and, without authentication, user interaction, or execution conditions, gain unauthorized access to internal debug functionality. Exploitation is low complexity and allows an attacker to execute privileged operations and access sensitive system resources, resulting in a high impact to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected device. No security impact to external or dependent systems has been identified.
Source: the CVE record as published by its numbering authority, via NVD and CVE.org.
The underlying weakness: Active Debug Code
The product is released with debugging code still enabled or active.
How developers prevent this class of flaw
- Remove debug code before deploying the application.
Timeline
- CVE record published.
- CISA published its SSVC assessment (exploitation: none, automatable: no, technical impact: total).
- Record last changed materially (score, affected products, status or references).
References
Other vulnerabilities in NPort 5000AI-M12 Series
- 8.8 High severity
Recent Active Debug Code vulnerabilities
- 8.8 High severity
- 8.6 High severity
- 7.9 High severity
- 7.3 High severity
- 8.9 High severity
- 8.4 High severity
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