CyberSecBulletin
CVE-2025-15039NVD status: Analyzed

WSO2 Identity Server: Protection Mechanism Failure

Published Updated By the CyberSecBulletin desk

CVE-2025-15039 is a critical-severity protection mechanism failure vulnerability in WSO2 Identity Server from WSO2, with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.4 out of 10. It can be exploited remotely over the network by an unauthenticated attacker, without any action from a user. The record lists versions 5.7.0.130, 5.8.0.113, 5.9.0.173 as the first without the flaw, so updating WSO2 Identity Server to one of those releases or later removes the exposure. There is no confirmed exploitation so far. EPSS estimates a 0.67% chance of exploitation within 30 days, higher than 52% of scored CVEs.

Patch this week

Critical severity: a successful attack would have severe impact.

What to do

  1. Update WSO2 Identity Server to 5.7.0.130 or 5.8.0.113 or 5.9.0.173 or 5.10.0.385, whichever matches your release line, or a later version.
  2. Update WSO2 API Manager to 2.6.0.150 or 3.0.0.180 or 3.1.0.356 or 3.2.0.460, whichever matches your release line, or a later version.
  3. Update WSO2 Open Banking AM to 1.4.0.143 or 1.5.0.144 or 2.0.0.405, whichever matches your release line, or a later version.
  4. Read the advisory on security.docs.wso2.com for workarounds and exact fixed builds.
  5. Until you can update, restrict network access to the affected service so it is not reachable from untrusted networks.

Affected products and versions

VendorProductAffected versionsFixed in
WSO2WSO2 Identity Server5.7.0 up to, but not including, 5.7.0.130; 5.8.0 up to, but not including, 5.8.0.113; 5.9.0 up to, but not including, 5.9.0.173; 5.10.0 up to, but not including, 5.10.0.385; 5.11.0 up to, but not including, 5.11.0.432; 6.0.0 up to, but not including, 6.0.0.259; 6.1.0 up to, but not including, 6.1.0.260; 7.0.0 up to, but not including, 7.0.0.138; and 3 more ranges5.7.0.130, 5.8.0.113, 5.9.0.173, 5.10.0.385, 5.11.0.432, 6.0.0.259
WSO2WSO2 API Manager2.6.0 up to, but not including, 2.6.0.150; 3.0.0 up to, but not including, 3.0.0.180; 3.1.0 up to, but not including, 3.1.0.356; 3.2.0 up to, but not including, 3.2.0.460; 3.2.1 up to, but not including, 3.2.1.79; 4.0.0 up to, but not including, 4.0.0.381; 4.1.0 up to, but not including, 4.1.0.244; 4.2.0 up to, but not including, 4.2.0.184; and 4 more ranges2.6.0.150, 3.0.0.180, 3.1.0.356, 3.2.0.460, 3.2.1.79, 4.0.0.381
WSO2WSO2 Open Banking AM1.4.0 up to, but not including, 1.4.0.143; 1.5.0 up to, but not including, 1.5.0.144; 2.0.0 up to, but not including, 2.0.0.4051.4.0.143, 1.5.0.144, 2.0.0.405
WSO2WSO2 Open Banking IAM2.0.0 up to, but not including, 2.0.0.4252.0.0.425
WSO2WSO2 Traffic Manager4.5.0 up to, but not including, 4.5.0.43; 4.6.0 up to, but not including, 4.6.0.84.5.0.43, 4.6.0.8
WSO2WSO2 Universal Gateway4.5.0 up to, but not including, 4.5.0.43; 4.5.0 up to, but not including, 4.5.0.44; 4.6.0 up to, but not including, 4.6.0.84.5.0.43, 4.5.0.44, 4.6.0.8
WSO2WSO2 API Control Plane4.5.0 up to, but not including, 4.5.0.45; 4.6.0 up to, but not including, 4.6.0.94.5.0.45, 4.6.0.9
WSO2WSO2 Identity Server as Key Manager5.7.0 up to, but not including, 5.7.0.129; 5.9.0 up to, but not including, 5.9.0.179; 5.10.0 up to, but not including, 5.10.0.3765.7.0.129, 5.9.0.179, 5.10.0.376
WSO2WSO2 Open Banking KM1.4.0 up to, but not including, 1.4.0.137; 1.5.0 up to, but not including, 1.5.0.1271.4.0.137, 1.5.0.127
WSO2WSO2 Carbon Identity Application Authentication Framework5.12.153 up to, but not including, 5.12.153.66; 5.12.387 up to, but not including, 5.12.387.48; 5.14.97 up to, but not including, 5.14.97.94; 5.17.5 up to, but not including, 5.17.5.337; 5.17.118 up to, but not including, 5.17.118.24; 5.18.187 up to, but not including, 5.18.187.334; 5.18.248 up to, but not including, 5.18.248.34; 5.23.8 up to, but not including, 5.23.8.221; and 9 more ranges5.12.153.66, 5.12.387.48, 5.14.97.94, 5.17.5.337, 5.17.118.24, 5.18.187.334
WSO2API Control Plane4.5.0 up to, but not including, 4.5.0.45; 4.6.0 up to, but not including, 4.6.0.94.5.0.45, 4.6.0.9
WSO2API Manager2.6.0 up to, but not including, 2.6.0.150; 3.0.0 up to, but not including, 3.0.0.180; 3.1.0 up to, but not including, 3.1.0.356; 3.2.0 up to, but not including, 3.2.0.460; 3.2.1 up to, but not including, 3.2.1.79; 4.0.0 up to, but not including, 4.0.0.381; 4.1.0 up to, but not including, 4.1.0.244; 4.2.0 up to, but not including, 4.2.0.184; and 4 more ranges2.6.0.150, 3.0.0.180, 3.1.0.356, 3.2.0.460, 3.2.1.79, 4.0.0.381
WSO2Identity Server5.7.0 up to, but not including, 5.7.0.130; 5.8.0 up to, but not including, 5.8.0.133; 5.9.0 up to, but not including, 5.9.0.173; 5.10.0 up to, but not including, 5.10.0.385; 5.11.0 up to, but not including, 5.11.0.432; 6.0.0 up to, but not including, 6.0.0.259; 6.1.0 up to, but not including, 6.1.0.260; 7.0.0 up to, but not including, 7.0.0.138; and 2 more ranges5.7.0.130, 5.8.0.133, 5.9.0.173, 5.10.0.385, 5.11.0.432, 6.0.0.259
WSO2Identity Server As Key Manager5.7.0 up to, but not including, 5.7.0.129; 5.9.0 up to, but not including, 5.9.0.179; 5.10.0 up to, but not including, 5.10.0.3765.7.0.129, 5.9.0.179, 5.10.0.376
WSO2Open Banking Am1.4.0 up to, but not including, 1.4.0.143; 1.5.0 up to, but not including, 1.5.0.144; 2.0.0 up to, but not including, 2.0.0.4051.4.0.143, 1.5.0.144, 2.0.0.405
WSO2Open Banking Iam2.0.0 up to, but not including, 2.0.0.4252.0.0.425
WSO2Open Banking Km1.4.0 up to, but not including, 1.4.0.137; 1.5.0 up to, but not including, 1.5.0.1271.4.0.137, 1.5.0.127
WSO2Traffic Manager4.5.0 up to, but not including, 4.5.0.43; 4.6.0 up to, but not including, 4.6.0.84.5.0.43, 4.6.0.8
WSO2Universal Gateway4.5.0 up to, but not including, 4.5.0.44; 4.6.0 up to, but not including, 4.6.0.84.5.0.44, 4.6.0.8

Version data comes from the organisation that assigned the CVE. Confirm against the vendor advisory before deciding you are unaffected.

How the severity score breaks down

Attack vector
NetworkCan be exploited remotely over a network, including the internet.
Attack complexity
LowNo special conditions are needed; the attack works reliably.
Privileges required
NoneNo account or login is needed.
User interaction
NoneNo action by a victim is required.
Scope
UnchangedImpact stays within the vulnerable component.
Confidentiality
HighAll data handled by the component can be read.
Integrity
HighData or code can be modified at will.
Availability
LowPerformance or availability is reduced.

Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L. Scored by CNA.

Official description

The Conditional Authentication (Adaptive Authentication) script does not correctly enforce the completion of all required authentication steps when a specific multi-step pattern involving certain authenticators is configured. This allows an attacker to bypass intermediate authentication challenges by exploiting how the script handles callbacks and re-execution of authentication steps. Successful exploitation allows a malicious actor to gain unauthorized access to a targeted user account. This vulnerability can only be exploited when all of the following conditions are met: the application login flow contains a specific secondary authenticator, the Conditional Authentication script is configured with particular event callbacks and re-executes an authentication step, the targeted user has one of the impacted authenticators enrolled, and the attacker successfully completes any preceding authentication steps.

Source: the CVE record as published by its numbering authority, via NVD and CVE.org.

The underlying weakness: Protection Mechanism Failure

The product does not use or incorrectly uses a protection mechanism that provides sufficient defense against directed attacks against the product.

More Protection Mechanism Failure vulnerabilities (CWE-693)

Timeline

  1. CVE record published.
  2. CISA published its SSVC assessment (exploitation: none, automatable: yes, technical impact: total).
  3. Record last changed materially (score, affected products, status or references).

References

Other vulnerabilities in WSO2 Identity Server

All WSO2 Identity Server vulnerabilities

Recent Protection Mechanism Failure vulnerabilities

Spotted an error? Tell us.