CyberSecBulletin
CVE-2025-26525NVD status: Analyzed

moodle: Files or Directories Accessible to External Parties

Published Updated By the CyberSecBulletin desk

CVE-2025-26525 is a high-severity files or directories accessible to external parties vulnerability in moodle from Moodle Project, with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 8.6 out of 10. It can be exploited remotely over the network by an unauthenticated attacker, without any action from a user. The record lists versions 4.5.2, 4.4.6, 4.3.10 as the first without the flaw, so updating moodle to one of those releases or later removes the exposure. There is no confirmed exploitation so far. EPSS estimates a 0.45% chance of exploitation within 30 days, which is low compared with other CVEs.

Next patch cycle

High severity with no evidence of exploitation so far.

What to do

  1. Update moodle to 4.5.2 or 4.4.6 or 4.3.10 or 4.1.16, whichever matches your release line, or a later version.
  2. Read the advisory on moodle.org for workarounds and exact fixed builds.
  3. Until you can update, restrict network access to the affected service so it is not reachable from untrusted networks.

Affected products and versions

VendorProductAffected versionsFixed in
Moodle Projectmoodle4.5.0 up to, but not including, 4.5.2; 4.4.0 up to, but not including, 4.4.6; 4.3.0 up to, but not including, 4.3.10; 4.1.0 up to, but not including, 4.1.164.5.2, 4.4.6, 4.3.10, 4.1.16

Version data comes from the organisation that assigned the CVE. Confirm against the vendor advisory before deciding you are unaffected.

How the severity score breaks down

Attack vector
NetworkCan be exploited remotely over a network, including the internet.
Attack complexity
LowNo special conditions are needed; the attack works reliably.
Privileges required
NoneNo account or login is needed.
User interaction
NoneNo action by a victim is required.
Scope
ChangedThe attack can reach beyond the vulnerable component into other systems.
Confidentiality
HighAll data handled by the component can be read.
Integrity
NoneNothing can be modified.
Availability
NoneAvailability is not affected.

Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N. Scored by CNA (puiterwijk.org).

Official description

Insufficient sanitizing in the TeX notation filter resulted in an arbitrary file read risk on sites where pdfTeX is available (such as those with TeX Live installed).

Source: the CVE record as published by its numbering authority, via NVD and CVE.org.

The underlying weakness: Files or Directories Accessible to External Parties

The product makes files or directories accessible to unauthorized actors, even though they should not be.

How developers prevent this class of flaw

  • When storing data in the cloud (e.g., S3 buckets, Azure blobs, Google Cloud Storage, etc.), use the provider's controls to disable public access.

More Files or Directories Accessible to External Parties vulnerabilities (CWE-552)

Timeline

  1. CVE record published.
  2. CISA published its SSVC assessment (exploitation: none, automatable: yes, technical impact: partial).
  3. Record last changed materially (score, affected products, status or references).

References

Recent Files or Directories Accessible to External Parties vulnerabilities

Spotted an error? Tell us.