CPC200-CCPA: Missing Immutable Root of Trust in Hardware
CVE-2025-2762 is a high-severity missing immutable root of trust in hardware vulnerability in CPC200-CCPA from CarlinKit, with a CVSS 3.0 base score of 7.8 out of 10. It can be exploited with local access to the system by an attacker with a low-privileged account, without any action from a user. Affected CPC200-CCPA versions: 2024.01.19.1541. The record does not name a fixed version, so check the vendor advisory. There is no confirmed exploitation so far. EPSS estimates a 0.19% chance of exploitation within 30 days, which is low compared with other CVEs.
High severity with no evidence of exploitation so far.
What to do
- Check which version of CPC200-CCPA you run against the affected versions below, and install the vendor's latest release.
Affected products and versions
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| CarlinKit | CPC200-CCPA | 2024.01.19.1541 | Not stated |
| Carlinkit | Autokit | 2024.01.19.1541 | Not stated |
Version data comes from the organisation that assigned the CVE. Confirm against the vendor advisory before deciding you are unaffected.
How the severity score breaks down
- Attack vector
- LocalThe attacker needs local access or must trick a user into running something.
- Attack complexity
- LowNo special conditions are needed; the attack works reliably.
- Privileges required
- LowA basic user account is enough.
- User interaction
- NoneNo action by a victim is required.
- Scope
- UnchangedImpact stays within the vulnerable component.
- Confidentiality
- HighAll data handled by the component can be read.
- Integrity
- HighData or code can be modified at will.
- Availability
- HighThe component can be taken down completely.
Vector: CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H. Scored by CNA (trendmicro.com).
Official description
CarlinKit CPC200-CCPA Missing Root of Trust Local Privilege Escalation Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows local attackers to escalate privileges on affected installations of CarlinKit CPC200-CCPA devices. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the configuration of the application system-on-chip (SoC). The issue results from the lack of a properly configured hardware root of trust. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code in the context of the boot process. Was ZDI-CAN-25948.
Source: the CVE record as published by its numbering authority, via NVD and CVE.org.
The underlying weakness: Missing Immutable Root of Trust in Hardware
A missing immutable root of trust in the hardware results in the ability to bypass secure boot or execute untrusted or adversarial boot code.
How developers prevent this class of flaw
- When architecting the system, the RoT should be designated for storage in a memory that does not allow further programming/writes. Note that, for components like ROM, secure patching/update features should be supported to allow authenticated and authorized updates in the field.
- During implementation and test, the RoT memory location should be demonstrated to not allow further programming/writes.
More Missing Immutable Root of Trust in Hardware vulnerabilities (CWE-1326)
Timeline
- CVE record published.
- CISA published its SSVC assessment (exploitation: none, automatable: no, technical impact: total).
- Record last changed materially (score, affected products, status or references).
References
Third-party and government advisories
- zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-25-176/Third Party Advisory
Other vulnerabilities in CPC200-CCPA
- 8.8 High severity
- 8.0 High severity
Recent Missing Immutable Root of Trust in Hardware vulnerabilities
- 7.8 High severity
- 7.5 High severity
- 7.6 High severity
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