PlayEdu 开源培训系统: Server-Side Request Forgery
CVE-2025-4012 is a high-severity server-side request forgery vulnerability in PlayEdu 开源培训系统 from Playeduxyz, with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.5 out of 10. It can be exploited remotely over the network by an unauthenticated attacker, without any action from a user. Affected PlayEdu 开源培训系统 versions: 1.0; 1.1; 1.2, and others listed below. The record does not name a fixed version, so check the vendor advisory. There is no confirmed exploitation so far. EPSS estimates a 0.47% chance of exploitation within 30 days, which is low compared with other CVEs.
High severity with no evidence of exploitation so far.
What to do
- Check which version of PlayEdu 开源培训系统 you run against the affected versions below, and install the vendor's latest release.
- Until you can update, restrict network access to the affected service so it is not reachable from untrusted networks.
Affected products and versions
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Playeduxyz | PlayEdu 开源培训系统 | 1.0; 1.1; 1.2; 1.3; 1.4; 1.5; 1.6; 1.7; and 1 more ranges | Not stated |
Version data comes from the organisation that assigned the CVE. Confirm against the vendor advisory before deciding you are unaffected.
How the severity score breaks down
- Attack vector
- NetworkCan be exploited remotely over a network, including the internet.
- Attack complexity
- LowNo special conditions are needed; the attack works reliably.
- Privileges required
- NoneNo account or login is needed.
- User interaction
- NoneNo action by a victim is required.
- Scope
- UnchangedImpact stays within the vulnerable component.
- Confidentiality
- HighAll data handled by the component can be read.
- Integrity
- NoneNothing can be modified.
- Availability
- NoneAvailability is not affected.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N. Scored by NVD.
| Scoring system | Score | Severity | Scored by |
|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS 4.0 | 5.1 | Medium | CNA (vuldb.com) |
| CVSS 3.1 | 2.7 | Low | CNA (vuldb.com) |
| CVSS 3.1 | 7.5 | High | NVD |
| CVSS 2.0 | 3.3 | Low | CNA (vuldb.com) |
Official description
A vulnerability was found in playeduxyz PlayEdu 开源培训系统 up to 1.8 and classified as problematic. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /api/backend/v1/user/create of the component User Avatar Handler. The manipulation of the argument Avatar leads to server-side request forgery. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Source: the CVE record as published by its numbering authority, via NVD and CVE.org.
The underlying weakness: Server-Side Request Forgery
The web server receives a URL or similar request from an upstream component and retrieves the contents of this URL, but it does not sufficiently ensure that the request is being sent to the expected destination.
How developers prevent this class of flaw
- If there is a known list of applications, IP, hostname, and/or domains to which the product is allowed to communicate, then use allowlists to ensure that outgoing requests are restricted to these known entities. The allowlists could be in the application code or possibly enforced by firewalls or network segmentation.
- If the product is expected to be able to connect to arbitrary IP addresses or domains, consider using a denylist that includes private network addresses, internal domain names, etc. The denylist could be in the application code or possibly enforced by firewalls or network segmentation.
Timeline
- CVE record published.
- CISA published its SSVC assessment (exploitation: poc, automatable: no, technical impact: partial).
- Record last changed materially (score, affected products, status or references).
References
Third-party and government advisories
- vuldb.com/?id.306365Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry
- vuldb.com/?submit.558283Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry
Technical write-ups (may include proof of concept)
- github.com/Bae-ke/cve/issues/3Exploit, Issue Tracking
Other references
- vuldb.com/?ctiid.306365Permissions Required, VDB Entry
Recent Server-Side Request Forgery vulnerabilities
- 7.6 High severity
- 7.6 High severity
- 7.6 High severity
- 7.6 High severity
- 7.5 High severity
- 7.5 High severity
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