WF-500: Relative Path Traversal
CVE-2025-41280 is a high-severity relative path traversal vulnerability in WF-500 from Waterfall, with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.8 out of 10. It can be exploited with local access to the system by an attacker with a low-privileged account, without any action from a user. Affected WF-500 versions: 7.9.1.0 R2502171040 and earlier. The record does not name a fixed version, so check the vendor advisory. There is no confirmed exploitation so far. EPSS estimates a 0.15% chance of exploitation within 30 days, which is low compared with other CVEs.
High severity with no evidence of exploitation so far.
What to do
- Check which version of WF-500 you run against the affected versions below, and install the vendor's latest release.
- Read the advisory on nozominetworks.com for workarounds and exact fixed builds.
Affected products and versions
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Waterfall | WF-500 | 7.9.1.0 R2502171040 and earlier | Not stated |
| Waterfall-security | Wf-500 Firmware | 7.9.1.0_r2502171040 and earlier | Not stated |
Version data comes from the organisation that assigned the CVE. Confirm against the vendor advisory before deciding you are unaffected.
How the severity score breaks down
- Attack vector
- LocalThe attacker needs local access or must trick a user into running something.
- Attack complexity
- LowNo special conditions are needed; the attack works reliably.
- Privileges required
- LowA basic user account is enough.
- User interaction
- NoneNo action by a victim is required.
- Scope
- UnchangedImpact stays within the vulnerable component.
- Confidentiality
- HighAll data handled by the component can be read.
- Integrity
- HighData or code can be modified at will.
- Availability
- HighThe component can be taken down completely.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H. Scored by NVD.
| Scoring system | Score | Severity | Scored by |
|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS 4.0 | 7.5 | High | CNA (nozominetworks.com) |
| CVSS 3.1 | 7.8 | High | NVD |
Official description
Nozomi Networks Labs identified a CWE-23: Relative Path Traversal (Zip Slip) in Waterfall WF-500 RX Host in version 7.9.1.0 R2502171040 that allows attackers with access to the TX Host to execute code on the RX Host when a MySQL connector is configured and file compression is enabled.
Source: the CVE record as published by its numbering authority, via NVD and CVE.org.
The underlying weakness: Relative Path Traversal
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize sequences such as.. that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
How developers prevent this class of flaw
- Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth.
Timeline
- CVE record published.
- CISA published its SSVC assessment (exploitation: none, automatable: no, technical impact: total).
- Record last changed materially (score, affected products, status or references).
References
Other vulnerabilities in WF-500
- 7.8 High severity
- 7.2 High severity
- 7.8 High severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
Recent Relative Path Traversal vulnerabilities
- 7.5 High severity
- 10.0 Critical severity
- 7.5 High severity
- 9.1 Critical severity
- 7.2 High severity
- 6.7 Medium severity
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