SAP NetWeaver ABAP Server and ABAP Platform: Use of Single-factor Authentication
CVE-2025-42959 is a high-severity use of single-factor authentication vulnerability in SAP NetWeaver ABAP Server and ABAP Platform from SAP, with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 8.1 out of 10. It can be exploited remotely over the network by an unauthenticated attacker, without any action from a user. Affected SAP NetWeaver ABAP Server and ABAP Platform versions: SAP_BASIS 700; SAP_BASIS 701; SAP_BASIS 702, and others listed below. The record does not name a fixed version, so check the vendor advisory. There is no confirmed exploitation so far. EPSS estimates a 0.56% chance of exploitation within 30 days, which is low compared with other CVEs.
High severity with no evidence of exploitation so far.
What to do
- Check which version of SAP NetWeaver ABAP Server and ABAP Platform you run against the affected versions below, and install the vendor's latest release.
- Until you can update, restrict network access to the affected service so it is not reachable from untrusted networks.
Affected products and versions
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| SAP | SAP NetWeaver ABAP Server and ABAP Platform | SAP_BASIS 700; SAP_BASIS 701; SAP_BASIS 702; SAP_BASIS 731; SAP_BASIS 740; SAP_BASIS 750; SAP_BASIS 751; SAP_BASIS 752; and 8 more ranges | Not stated |
Version data comes from the organisation that assigned the CVE. Confirm against the vendor advisory before deciding you are unaffected.
How the severity score breaks down
- Attack vector
- NetworkCan be exploited remotely over a network, including the internet.
- Attack complexity
- HighSuccess depends on conditions outside the attacker's control.
- Privileges required
- NoneNo account or login is needed.
- User interaction
- NoneNo action by a victim is required.
- Scope
- UnchangedImpact stays within the vulnerable component.
- Confidentiality
- HighAll data handled by the component can be read.
- Integrity
- HighData or code can be modified at will.
- Availability
- HighThe component can be taken down completely.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H. Scored by CNA (sap.com).
Official description
An unauthenticated attacker may exploit a scenario where a Hashed Message Authentication Code (HMAC) credential, extracted from a system missing specific security patches, is reused in a replay attack against a different system. Even if the target system is fully patched, successful exploitation could result in complete system compromise, affecting confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Source: the CVE record as published by its numbering authority, via NVD and CVE.org.
The underlying weakness: Use of Single-factor Authentication
The product uses an authentication algorithm that uses a single factor (e.g., a password) in a security context that should require more than one factor.
How developers prevent this class of flaw
- Use multiple independent authentication schemes, which ensures that -- if one of the methods is compromised -- the system itself is still likely safe from compromise. For this reason, if multiple schemes are possible, they should be implemented and required -- especially if they are easy to use.
More Use of Single-factor Authentication vulnerabilities (CWE-308)
Timeline
- CVE record published.
- CISA published its SSVC assessment (exploitation: none, automatable: no, technical impact: total).
- Record last changed materially (score, affected products, status or references).
References
Other references
Recent Use of Single-factor Authentication vulnerabilities
- 8.1 High severity
- 7.2 High severity
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