iOS and iPadOS: Out-of-bounds Read
CVE-2025-43361 is a high-severity out-of-bounds read vulnerability in iOS and iPadOS from Apple, with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.8 out of 10. It can be exploited with local access to the system by an attacker with a low-privileged account, without any action from a user. The record lists version 26 as the first without the flaw, so updating iOS and iPadOS to that release or later removes the exposure. There is no confirmed exploitation so far. EPSS estimates a 0.21% chance of exploitation within 30 days, which is low compared with other CVEs.
High severity with no evidence of exploitation so far.
What to do
- Update iOS and iPadOS to 26 or a later version.
- Update macOS to 14.8.2 or 15.7.2 or 26, whichever matches your release line, or a later version.
- Update tvOS to 26 or a later version.
- Read the advisory on support.apple.com for workarounds and exact fixed builds.
Affected products and versions
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apple | iOS and iPadOS | before 26 | 26 |
| Apple | macOS | before 14.8.2; before 15.7.2; before 26 | 14.8.2, 15.7.2, 26 |
| Apple | tvOS | before 26 | 26 |
| Apple | visionOS | before 26 | 26 |
| Apple | watchOS | before 26 | 26 |
| Apple | iPadOS | before 26.1 | 26.1 |
| Apple | Iphone OS | before 26.1 | 26.1 |
Version data comes from the organisation that assigned the CVE. Confirm against the vendor advisory before deciding you are unaffected.
How the severity score breaks down
- Attack vector
- LocalThe attacker needs local access or must trick a user into running something.
- Attack complexity
- LowNo special conditions are needed; the attack works reliably.
- Privileges required
- LowA basic user account is enough.
- User interaction
- NoneNo action by a victim is required.
- Scope
- UnchangedImpact stays within the vulnerable component.
- Confidentiality
- HighAll data handled by the component can be read.
- Integrity
- HighData or code can be modified at will.
- Availability
- HighThe component can be taken down completely.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H. Scored by CISA (ADP).
Official description
An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in iOS 26 and iPadOS 26, macOS Sequoia 15.7.2, macOS Sonoma 14.8.2, macOS Tahoe 26, tvOS 26, visionOS 26, watchOS 26. A malicious app may be able to read kernel memory.
Source: the CVE record as published by its numbering authority, via NVD and CVE.org.
The underlying weakness: Out-of-bounds Read
The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
How developers prevent this class of flaw
- Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.
Timeline
- CVE record published.
- CISA published its SSVC assessment (exploitation: none, automatable: no, technical impact: total).
- Record last changed materially (score, affected products, status or references).
References
Advisories
- support.apple.com/en-us/125108Release Notes
- support.apple.com/en-us/125114Release Notes
- support.apple.com/en-us/125115Release Notes
- support.apple.com/en-us/125116Release Notes
- support.apple.com/en-us/125635Release Notes
- support.apple.com/en-us/125636Release Notes
Other references
Other vulnerabilities in iOS and iPadOS
- 8.8 High severity
- 7.5 High severity
- 7.5 High severity
- 7.5 High severity
- 7.5 High severity
- 7.5 High severity
Recent Out-of-bounds Read vulnerabilities
- 7.5 High severity
- 7.8 High severity
- 7.8 High severity
- 7.5 High severity
- 7.5 High severity
- 7.1 High severity
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