Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10: Insufficient Granularity of Access Control
CVE-2025-4404 is a critical-severity insufficient granularity of access control vulnerability in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 from Red Hat, with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.1 out of 10. It can be exploited remotely over the network by an attacker with administrator privileges, without any action from a user. There is no confirmed exploitation so far. EPSS estimates a 2% chance of exploitation within 30 days, higher than 81% of scored CVEs.
Critical severity: a successful attack would have severe impact.
What to do
- Check which version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 you run against the affected versions below, and install the vendor's latest release.
Affected products and versions
Version data comes from the organisation that assigned the CVE. Confirm against the vendor advisory before deciding you are unaffected.
How the severity score breaks down
- Attack vector
- NetworkCan be exploited remotely over a network, including the internet.
- Attack complexity
- LowNo special conditions are needed; the attack works reliably.
- Privileges required
- HighAdministrator-level access is required first.
- User interaction
- NoneNo action by a victim is required.
- Scope
- ChangedThe attack can reach beyond the vulnerable component into other systems.
- Confidentiality
- HighAll data handled by the component can be read.
- Integrity
- HighData or code can be modified at will.
- Availability
- HighThe component can be taken down completely.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H. Scored by CNA (redhat.com).
Official description
A privilege escalation from host to domain vulnerability was found in the FreeIPA project. The FreeIPA package fails to validate the uniqueness of the `krbCanonicalName` for the admin account by default, allowing users to create services with the same canonical name as the REALM admin. When a successful attack happens, the user can retrieve a Kerberos ticket in the name of this service, containing the admin@REALM credential. This flaw allows an attacker to perform administrative tasks over the REALM, leading to access to sensitive data and sensitive data exfiltration.
Source: the CVE record as published by its numbering authority, via NVD and CVE.org.
The underlying weakness: Insufficient Granularity of Access Control
The product implements access controls via a policy or other feature with the intention to disable or restrict accesses (reads and/or writes) to assets in a system from untrusted agents. However, implemented access controls lack the required granularity
How developers prevent this class of flaw
- Access-control-policy protections must be reviewed for design inconsistency and common weaknesses. Access-control-policy definition and programming flow must be tested in pre-silicon, post-silicon testing.
More Insufficient Granularity of Access Control vulnerabilities (CWE-1220)
Timeline
- CVE record published.
- CISA published its SSVC assessment (exploitation: none, automatable: no, technical impact: total).
- Record last changed materially (score, affected products, status or references).
References
Other references
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:9184
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:9185
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:9186
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:9187
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:9188
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:9189
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:9190
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:9191
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:9192
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:9193
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:9194
- access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-4404
- bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2364606
- pagure.io/freeipa/c/6b9400c135ed16b10057b350cc9ce42aa0e862d4
- pagure.io/freeipa/c/796ed20092d554ee0c9e23295e346ec1e8a0bf6e
Other vulnerabilities in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
- 8.8 High severity
- 7.5 High severity
- 7.5 High severity
- 7.9 High severity
- 7.3 High severity
- 7.5 High severity
Recent Insufficient Granularity of Access Control vulnerabilities
- 7.5 High severity
- 7.5 High severity
- 7.5 High severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 8.8 High severity
- 7.4 High severity
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