icinga2: Improper Following of a Certificate's Chain of Trust
CVE-2025-48057 is a critical-severity improper following of a certificate's chain of trust vulnerability in icinga2 from Icinga, with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.8 out of 10. It can be exploited remotely over the network by an unauthenticated attacker, without any action from a user. Affected icinga2 versions: >= 2.14.0, < 2.14.6; >= 2.13.0, < 2.13.12; < 2.12.12. The record does not name a fixed version, so check the vendor advisory. There is no confirmed exploitation so far. EPSS estimates a 0.46% chance of exploitation within 30 days, which is low compared with other CVEs.
Critical severity: a successful attack would have severe impact.
What to do
- Update Icinga to 2.12.12 or 2.13.12 or 2.14.6, whichever matches your release line, or a later version.
- Read the advisory on github.com for workarounds and exact fixed builds.
- Until you can update, restrict network access to the affected service so it is not reachable from untrusted networks.
Affected products and versions
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Icinga | icinga2 | >= 2.14.0, < 2.14.6; >= 2.13.0, < 2.13.12; < 2.12.12 | Not stated |
| Icinga | Icinga | before 2.12.12; 2.13.0 up to, but not including, 2.13.12; 2.14.0 up to, but not including, 2.14.6 | 2.12.12, 2.13.12, 2.14.6 |
Version data comes from the organisation that assigned the CVE. Confirm against the vendor advisory before deciding you are unaffected.
How the severity score breaks down
- Attack vector
- NetworkCan be exploited remotely over a network, including the internet.
- Attack complexity
- LowNo special conditions are needed; the attack works reliably.
- Privileges required
- NoneNo account or login is needed.
- User interaction
- NoneNo action by a victim is required.
- Scope
- UnchangedImpact stays within the vulnerable component.
- Confidentiality
- HighAll data handled by the component can be read.
- Integrity
- HighData or code can be modified at will.
- Availability
- HighThe component can be taken down completely.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H. Scored by NVD.
| Scoring system | Score | Severity | Scored by |
|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS 4.0 | 9.3 | Critical | CNA (github.com) |
| CVSS 3.1 | 9.8 | Critical | NVD |
Official description
Icinga 2 is a monitoring system which checks the availability of network resources, notifies users of outages, and generates performance data for reporting. Prior to versions 2.12.12, 2.13.12, and 2.14.6, the VerifyCertificate() function can be tricked into incorrectly treating certificates as valid. This allows an attacker to send a malicious certificate request that is then treated as a renewal of an already existing certificate, resulting in the attacker obtaining a valid certificate that can be used to impersonate trusted nodes. This only occurs when Icinga 2 is built with OpenSSL older than version 1.1.0. This issue has been patched in versions 2.12.12, 2.13.12, and 2.14.6.
Source: the CVE record as published by its numbering authority, via NVD and CVE.org.
The underlying weakness: Improper Following of a Certificate's Chain of Trust
The product does not follow, or incorrectly follows, the chain of trust for a certificate back to a trusted root certificate.
How developers prevent this class of flaw
- Ensure that proper certificate checking is included in the system design.
- Understand, and properly implement all checks necessary to ensure the integrity of certificate trust integrity.
- If certificate pinning is being used, ensure that all relevant properties of the certificate are fully validated before the certificate is pinned, including the full chain of trust.
More Improper Following of a Certificate's Chain of Trust vulnerabilities (CWE-296)
Timeline
- CVE record published.
- CISA published its SSVC assessment (exploitation: none, automatable: yes, technical impact: total).
- Record last changed materially (score, affected products, status or references).
References
Patches and release notes
- github.com/Icinga/icinga2/commit/34c93a2542bbe4e9886d15bc17ec929ead1aa152
- github.com/Icinga/icinga2/commit/4023128be42b18a011dda71ddee9ca79955b89cb
- github.com/Icinga/icinga2/commit/60f75f4a3d5cbb234eb3694ba7e9076a1a5b8776
- github.com/Icinga/icinga2/commit/9ad5683aab9eb392c6737ff46c830a945c9e240f
- github.com/Icinga/icinga2/commit/9b2c05d0cc09210bdeade77cf9a73859250fc48d
Other vulnerabilities in icinga2
- 7.2 High severity
- 8.6 High severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
Recent Improper Following of a Certificate's Chain of Trust vulnerabilities
- 8.1 High severity
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