FortiPAM: Weak Authentication
CVE-2025-49201 is a critical-severity weak authentication vulnerability in FortiPAM from Fortinet, with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.8 out of 10. It can be exploited remotely over the network by an unauthenticated attacker, without any action from a user. Affected FortiPAM versions: 1.5.0; 1.4.0 through 1.4.2; 1.3.0 through 1.3.1, and others listed below. The record does not name a fixed version, so check the vendor advisory. There is no confirmed exploitation so far. EPSS estimates a 0.58% chance of exploitation within 30 days, which is low compared with other CVEs.
Critical severity: a successful attack would have severe impact.
What to do
- Check which version of FortiPAM you run against the affected versions below, and install the vendor's latest release.
- Read the advisory on fortiguard.fortinet.com for workarounds and exact fixed builds.
- Until you can update, restrict network access to the affected service so it is not reachable from untrusted networks.
Affected products and versions
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fortinet | FortiPAM | 1.5.0; 1.4.0 through 1.4.2; 1.3.0 through 1.3.1; 1.2.0; 1.1.0 through 1.1.2; 1.0.0 through 1.0.3 | Not stated |
| Fortinet | FortiSwitchManager | 7.2.0 through 7.2.4 | Not stated |
Version data comes from the organisation that assigned the CVE. Confirm against the vendor advisory before deciding you are unaffected.
How the severity score breaks down
- Attack vector
- NetworkCan be exploited remotely over a network, including the internet.
- Attack complexity
- LowNo special conditions are needed; the attack works reliably.
- Privileges required
- NoneNo account or login is needed.
- User interaction
- NoneNo action by a victim is required.
- Scope
- UnchangedImpact stays within the vulnerable component.
- Confidentiality
- HighAll data handled by the component can be read.
- Integrity
- HighData or code can be modified at will.
- Availability
- HighThe component can be taken down completely.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H. Scored by NVD.
| Scoring system | Score | Severity | Scored by |
|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS 3.1 | 8.1 | High | CNA (fortinet.com) |
| CVSS 3.1 | 9.8 | Critical | NVD |
Official description
A weak authentication vulnerability in Fortinet FortiPAM 1.5.0, FortiPAM 1.4.0 through 1.4.2, FortiPAM 1.3 all versions, FortiPAM 1.2 all versions, FortiPAM 1.1 all versions, FortiPAM 1.0 all versions, FortiSwitchManager 7.2.0 through 7.2.4 allows attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via specially crafted http requests
Source: the CVE record as published by its numbering authority, via NVD and CVE.org.
The underlying weakness: Weak Authentication
The product uses an authentication mechanism to restrict access to specific users or identities, but the mechanism does not sufficiently prove that the claimed identity is correct.
Timeline
- CVE record published.
- CISA published its SSVC assessment (exploitation: none, automatable: no, technical impact: total).
- Record last changed materially (score, affected products, status or references).
References
Other vulnerabilities in FortiPAM
- 7.4 High severity
- 6.5 Medium severity
- 8.8 High severity
- 7.5 High severity
- 7.2 High severity
- 8.1 High severity
Recent Weak Authentication vulnerabilities
- 8.1 High severity
- 7.0 High severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 8.3 High severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
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