Windows 10 Version 1607: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command
CVE-2025-54100 is a high-severity improper neutralization of special elements used in a command vulnerability in Windows 10 Version 1607 from Microsoft, with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.8 out of 10. It can be exploited with local access to the system by an unauthenticated attacker, but only if a user takes part, for example by opening a link or file. The record lists version 10.0.14393.8688 as the first without the flaw, so updating Windows 10 Version 1607 to that release or later removes the exposure. There is no confirmed exploitation so far. EPSS estimates a 1.66% chance of exploitation within 30 days, higher than 77% of scored CVEs.
High severity with no evidence of exploitation so far.
What to do
- Update Windows 10 Version 1607 to 10.0.14393.8688 or a later version.
- Update Windows 10 Version 1809 to 10.0.17763.8146 or a later version.
- Update Windows 10 Version 21H2 to 10.0.19044.6691 or a later version.
- Read the advisory on msrc.microsoft.com for workarounds and exact fixed builds.
- Because the attack needs a user to take part, warn users about unexpected links and files related to this product until it is patched.
Affected products and versions
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1607 | 10.0.14393.0 up to, but not including, 10.0.14393.8688 | 10.0.14393.8688 |
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1809 | 10.0.17763.0 up to, but not including, 10.0.17763.8146 | 10.0.17763.8146 |
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 21H2 | 10.0.19044.0 up to, but not including, 10.0.19044.6691 | 10.0.19044.6691 |
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 22H2 | 10.0.19045.0 up to, but not including, 10.0.19045.6691 | 10.0.19045.6691 |
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 22H3 | 10.0.22631.0 up to, but not including, 10.0.22631.6345 | 10.0.22631.6345 |
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 23H2 | 10.0.22631.0 up to, but not including, 10.0.22631.6345 | 10.0.22631.6345 |
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 24H2 | 10.0.26100.0 up to, but not including, 10.0.26100.7462 | 10.0.26100.7462 |
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 25H2 | 10.0.26200.0 up to, but not including, 10.0.26200.7462 | 10.0.26200.7462 |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 | 6.1.7601.0 up to, but not including, 6.1.7601.28064 | 6.1.7601.28064 |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation) | 6.1.7601.0 up to, but not including, 6.1.7601.28064 | 6.1.7601.28064 |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 | 6.0.6003.0 up to, but not including, 6.0.6003.23666 | 6.0.6003.23666 |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation) | 6.0.6003.0 up to, but not including, 6.0.6003.23666 | 6.0.6003.23666 |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 | 6.2.9200.0 up to, but not including, 6.2.9200.25815 | 6.2.9200.25815 |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) | 6.2.9200.0 up to, but not including, 6.2.9200.25815 | 6.2.9200.25815 |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 | 6.3.9600.0 up to, but not including, 6.3.9600.22920 | 6.3.9600.22920 |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) | 6.3.9600.0 up to, but not including, 6.3.9600.22920 | 6.3.9600.22920 |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 | 10.0.14393.0 up to, but not including, 10.0.14393.8688 | 10.0.14393.8688 |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) | 10.0.14393.0 up to, but not including, 10.0.14393.8688 | 10.0.14393.8688 |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 | 10.0.17763.0 up to, but not including, 10.0.17763.8146 | 10.0.17763.8146 |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) | 10.0.17763.0 up to, but not including, 10.0.17763.8146 | 10.0.17763.8146 |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022 | 10.0.20348.0 up to, but not including, 10.0.20348.4529 | 10.0.20348.4529 |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) | 10.0.25398.0 up to, but not including, 10.0.25398.2025 | 10.0.25398.2025 |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 | 10.0.26100.0 up to, but not including, 10.0.26100.7462 | 10.0.26100.7462 |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) | 10.0.26100.0 up to, but not including, 10.0.26100.7462 | 10.0.26100.7462 |
| Microsoft | Windows 10 1607 | before 10.0.14393.8688 | 10.0.14393.8688 |
Version data comes from the organisation that assigned the CVE; 8 further products are omitted here. Confirm against the vendor advisory before deciding you are unaffected.
How the severity score breaks down
- Attack vector
- LocalThe attacker needs local access or must trick a user into running something.
- Attack complexity
- LowNo special conditions are needed; the attack works reliably.
- Privileges required
- NoneNo account or login is needed.
- User interaction
- RequiredA user must take an action such as opening a file or link.
- Scope
- UnchangedImpact stays within the vulnerable component.
- Confidentiality
- HighAll data handled by the component can be read.
- Integrity
- HighData or code can be modified at will.
- Availability
- HighThe component can be taken down completely.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H. Scored by CNA (microsoft.com).
Official description
Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command ('command injection') in Windows PowerShell allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.
Source: the CVE record as published by its numbering authority, via NVD and CVE.org.
The underlying weakness: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
How developers prevent this class of flaw
- If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
- If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
- Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
More Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command vulnerabilities (CWE-77)
Timeline
- CVE record published.
- CISA published its SSVC assessment (exploitation: none, automatable: no, technical impact: total).
- Record last changed materially (score, affected products, status or references).
References
Other references
Recent Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command vulnerabilities
- 7.8 High severity
- 8.8 High severity
- 7.2 High severity
- 8.8 High severity
- 7.2 High severity
- 8.8 High severity
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