Rg-es228gs-p Firmware: Improper Authentication
CVE-2025-56752 is a critical-severity improper authentication vulnerability in Rg-es228gs-p Firmware from Ruijie, with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.4 out of 10. It can be exploited remotely over the network by an unauthenticated attacker, without any action from a user. Affected Rg-es228gs-p Firmware versions: esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27; esw_1.0\(1\)b1p35; esw_1.0\(1\)b1p39. The record does not name a fixed version, so check the vendor advisory. There is no confirmed exploitation so far. EPSS estimates a 0.53% chance of exploitation within 30 days, which is low compared with other CVEs.
Critical severity: a successful attack would have severe impact.
What to do
- Check which version of Rg-es228gs-p Firmware you run against the affected versions below, and install the vendor's latest release.
- Until you can update, restrict network access to the affected service so it is not reachable from untrusted networks.
Affected products and versions
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ruijie | Rg-es228gs-p Firmware | esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27; esw_1.0\(1\)b1p35; esw_1.0\(1\)b1p39 | Not stated |
| Ruijie | Rg-es209gc-p Firmware | esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27; esw_1.0\(1\)b1p35; esw_1.0\(1\)b1p39 | Not stated |
| Ruijie | Rg-es205gc-p Firmware | esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27; esw_1.0\(1\)b1p35; esw_1.0\(1\)b1p39 | Not stated |
| Ruijie | Rg-es205gc Firmware | esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27; esw_1.0\(1\)b1p35; esw_1.0\(1\)b1p39 | Not stated |
| Ruijie | Rg-es208gc Firmware | esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27; esw_1.0\(1\)b1p35; esw_1.0\(1\)b1p39 | Not stated |
| Ruijie | Rg-es206gs-p Firmware | esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27; esw_1.0\(1\)b1p35; esw_1.0\(1\)b1p39 | Not stated |
| Ruijie | Rg-es210gs-p Firmware | esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27; esw_1.0\(1\)b1p35; esw_1.0\(1\)b1p39 | Not stated |
| Ruijie | Rg-es218gc-p Firmware | esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27; esw_1.0\(1\)b1p35 | Not stated |
| Ruijie | Rg-es226gc-p Firmware | esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27; esw_1.0\(1\)b1p35 | Not stated |
| Ruijie | Rg-es206gc-p Firmware | esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27; esw_1.0\(1\)b1p35 | Not stated |
| Ruijie | Rg-es216gc Firmware | esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27 | Not stated |
| Ruijie | Rg-es224gc Firmware | esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27 | Not stated |
| Ruijie | Rg-es210gc-lp Firmware | esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27 | Not stated |
| Ruijie | Rg-es206mg-p Firmware | esw_1.0\(1\)b1p42_release\(12142711\) | Not stated |
| Ruijie | Rg-es209mg-p Firmware | esw_1.0\(1\)b1p42_release\(12142711\) | Not stated |
| Ruijie | Rg-nis2100-8gt2sfp-hp Firmware | esw_1.0\(1\)b1p39 | Not stated |
| Ruijie | Rg-nis2100-4gt2sfp-hp Firmware | esw_1.0\(1\)b1p39 | Not stated |
| Ruijie | Rg-es216gc-v2 Firmware | esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27; esw_1.0\(1\)b1p35; esw_1.0\(1\)b1p39 | Not stated |
| Ruijie | Rg-es224gc-v2 Firmware | esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27; esw_1.0\(1\)b1p35; esw_1.0\(1\)b1p39 | Not stated |
| Ruijie | Rg-es220gs-p Firmware | esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27; esw_1.0\(1\)b1p35; esw_1.0\(1\)b1p39 | Not stated |
Version data comes from NVD's product matching. Confirm against the vendor advisory before deciding you are unaffected.
How the severity score breaks down
- Attack vector
- NetworkCan be exploited remotely over a network, including the internet.
- Attack complexity
- LowNo special conditions are needed; the attack works reliably.
- Privileges required
- NoneNo account or login is needed.
- User interaction
- NoneNo action by a victim is required.
- Scope
- UnchangedImpact stays within the vulnerable component.
- Confidentiality
- HighAll data handled by the component can be read.
- Integrity
- LowLimited modification of data is possible.
- Availability
- HighThe component can be taken down completely.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:H. Scored by CISA (ADP).
Official description
A vulnerability in the Ruijie RG-ES series switch firmware ESW_1.0(1)B1P39 enables remote attackers to fully bypass authentication mechanisms, providing them with unrestricted access to alter administrative settings and potentially seize control of affected devices via crafted HTTP POST request to /user.cgi.
Source: the CVE record as published by its numbering authority, via NVD and CVE.org.
The underlying weakness: Improper Authentication
When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
How developers prevent this class of flaw
- Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.
Timeline
- CVE record published.
- CISA published its SSVC assessment (exploitation: none, automatable: yes, technical impact: partial).
- Record last changed materially (score, affected products, status or references).
References
Third-party and government advisories
- github.com/TNCX-byte/Vulnerability_Research/blob/main/CVE-2025-56752/README.mdThird Party Advisory
Recent Improper Authentication vulnerabilities
- 7.3 High severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
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