Bravo Compute Box Firmware: Improper Access Control for Volatile Memory Containing Boot Code
CVE-2025-59404 is a high-severity improper access control for volatile memory containing boot code vulnerability in Bravo Compute Box Firmware from Flocksafety, with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.5 out of 10. It can be exploited remotely over the network by an unauthenticated attacker, without any action from a user. There is no confirmed exploitation so far. EPSS estimates a 0.43% chance of exploitation within 30 days, which is low compared with other CVEs.
High severity with no evidence of exploitation so far.
What to do
- Check which version of Bravo Compute Box Firmware you run against the affected versions below, and install the vendor's latest release.
- Until you can update, restrict network access to the affected service so it is not reachable from untrusted networks.
Affected products and versions
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flocksafety | Bravo Compute Box Firmware | Not specified in the record | Not stated |
Version data comes from NVD's product matching. Confirm against the vendor advisory before deciding you are unaffected.
How the severity score breaks down
- Attack vector
- NetworkCan be exploited remotely over a network, including the internet.
- Attack complexity
- LowNo special conditions are needed; the attack works reliably.
- Privileges required
- NoneNo account or login is needed.
- User interaction
- NoneNo action by a victim is required.
- Scope
- UnchangedImpact stays within the vulnerable component.
- Confidentiality
- NoneNo data is disclosed.
- Integrity
- HighData or code can be modified at will.
- Availability
- NoneAvailability is not affected.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N. Scored by CISA (ADP).
Official description
Flock Safety Bravo Edge AI Compute Device BRAVO_00.00_local_20241017 ships with its bootloader unlocked. This permits bypass of Android Verified Boot (AVB) and allows direct modification of partitions.
Source: the CVE record as published by its numbering authority, via NVD and CVE.org.
The underlying weakness: Improper Access Control for Volatile Memory Containing Boot Code
The product conducts a secure-boot process that transfers bootloader code from Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) into Volatile Memory (VM), but it does not have sufficient access control or other protections for the Volatile Memory.
How developers prevent this class of flaw
- Ensure that the design of volatile-memory protections is enough to prevent modification from an adversary or untrusted code.
- Test the volatile-memory protections to ensure they are safe from modification or untrusted code.
More Improper Access Control for Volatile Memory Containing Boot Code vulnerabilities (CWE-1274)
Timeline
- CVE record published.
- CISA published its SSVC assessment (exploitation: none, automatable: no, technical impact: partial).
- Record last changed materially (score, affected products, status or references).
References
Technical write-ups (may include proof of concept)
- gainsec.com/2025/09/19/root-from-the-coop-device-3-root-shell-on-flock-safetys-bravo-compute-box/Exploit, Third Party Advisory
- gainsec.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Root-from-the-Coop-Device-3_-Root-Shell-on-Flock-Safetys-Bravo-Compute…Exploit, Third Party Advisory
Other references
Other vulnerabilities in Bravo Compute Box Firmware
- 7.3 High severity
Recent Improper Access Control for Volatile Memory Containing Boot Code vulnerabilities
- 7.8 High severity
- 8.8 High severity
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