Multi-Stack Controller (MSC): Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel
CVE-2025-64121 is a critical-severity authentication bypass using an alternate path or channel vulnerability in Multi-Stack Controller (MSC) from Nuvation Energy, with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.8 out of 10. It can be exploited remotely over the network by an unauthenticated attacker, without any action from a user. The record lists version 2.5.1 as the first without the flaw, so updating Multi-Stack Controller (MSC) to that release or later removes the exposure. There is no confirmed exploitation so far. EPSS estimates a 0.4% chance of exploitation within 30 days, which is low compared with other CVEs.
Critical severity: a successful attack would have severe impact.
What to do
- Update Multi-Stack Controller (MSC) to 2.5.1 or a later version.
- Update Nplatform to 2.5.1 or a later version.
- Until you can update, restrict network access to the affected service so it is not reachable from untrusted networks.
Affected products and versions
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nuvation Energy | Multi-Stack Controller (MSC) | 2.3.8 up to, but not including, 2.5.1 | 2.5.1 |
| Nuvationenergy | Nplatform | 2.3.8 up to, but not including, 2.5.1 | 2.5.1 |
Version data comes from the organisation that assigned the CVE. Confirm against the vendor advisory before deciding you are unaffected.
How the severity score breaks down
- Attack vector
- NetworkCan be exploited remotely over a network, including the internet.
- Attack complexity
- LowNo special conditions are needed; the attack works reliably.
- Privileges required
- NoneNo account or login is needed.
- User interaction
- NoneNo action by a victim is required.
- Scope
- UnchangedImpact stays within the vulnerable component.
- Confidentiality
- HighAll data handled by the component can be read.
- Integrity
- HighData or code can be modified at will.
- Availability
- HighThe component can be taken down completely.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H. Scored by NVD.
| Scoring system | Score | Severity | Scored by |
|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS 4.0 | 10.0 | Critical | CNA (dragos.com) |
| CVSS 3.1 | 9.8 | Critical | NVD |
Official description
Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel vulnerability in Nuvation Energy Multi-Stack Controller (MSC) allows Authentication Bypass.This issue affects Multi-Stack Controller (MSC): from 2.3.8 before 2.5.1.
Source: the CVE record as published by its numbering authority, via NVD and CVE.org.
The underlying weakness: Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel
The product requires authentication, but the product has an alternate path or channel that does not require authentication.
How developers prevent this class of flaw
- Funnel all access through a single choke point to simplify how users can access a resource. For every access, perform a check to determine if the user has permissions to access the resource.
More Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel vulnerabilities (CWE-288)
Timeline
- CVE record published.
- CISA published its SSVC assessment (exploitation: none, automatable: yes, technical impact: total).
- Record last changed materially (score, affected products, status or references).
References
Third-party and government advisories
- dragos.com/community/advisories/CVE-2025-64119Third Party Advisory
Other vulnerabilities in Multi-Stack Controller (MSC)
- 8.8 High severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 8.8 High severity
Recent Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel vulnerabilities
- 9.1 Critical severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 7.2 High severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 9.6 Critical severity
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