Online Notes Sharing System: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component
CVE-2025-7155 is a critical-severity improper neutralization of special elements in output used by a downstream component vulnerability in Online Notes Sharing System from PHPGurukul, with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.8 out of 10. It can be exploited remotely over the network by an unauthenticated attacker, without any action from a user. Affected Online Notes Sharing System versions: 1.0. The record does not name a fixed version, so check the vendor advisory. There is no confirmed exploitation so far. EPSS estimates a 0.58% chance of exploitation within 30 days, which is low compared with other CVEs.
Critical severity: a successful attack would have severe impact.
What to do
- Check which version of Online Notes Sharing System you run against the affected versions below, and install the vendor's latest release.
- Until you can update, restrict network access to the affected service so it is not reachable from untrusted networks.
Affected products and versions
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| PHPGurukul | Online Notes Sharing System | 1.0 | Not stated |
Version data comes from the organisation that assigned the CVE. Confirm against the vendor advisory before deciding you are unaffected.
How the severity score breaks down
- Attack vector
- NetworkCan be exploited remotely over a network, including the internet.
- Attack complexity
- LowNo special conditions are needed; the attack works reliably.
- Privileges required
- NoneNo account or login is needed.
- User interaction
- NoneNo action by a victim is required.
- Scope
- UnchangedImpact stays within the vulnerable component.
- Confidentiality
- HighAll data handled by the component can be read.
- Integrity
- HighData or code can be modified at will.
- Availability
- HighThe component can be taken down completely.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H. Scored by NVD.
| Scoring system | Score | Severity | Scored by |
|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS 4.0 | 5.5 | Medium | CNA (vuldb.com) |
| CVSS 3.1 | 7.3 | High | CNA (vuldb.com) |
| CVSS 3.1 | 9.8 | Critical | NVD |
| CVSS 2.0 | 7.5 | High | CNA (vuldb.com) |
Official description
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in PHPGurukul Online Notes Sharing System 1.0. This affects an unknown part of the file /Dashboard of the component Cookie Handler. The manipulation of the argument sessionid leads to sql injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The original researcher disclosure suspects an XPath Injection vulnerability; however, the provided attack payload appears to be characteristic of an SQL Injection attack.
Source: the CVE record as published by its numbering authority, via NVD and CVE.org.
The underlying weakness: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component
The product constructs all or part of a command, data structure, or record using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify how it is parsed or interpreted when it is sent to a downstream component.
How developers prevent this class of flaw
- Programming languages and supporting technologies might be chosen which are not subject to these issues.
- Utilize an appropriate mix of allowlist and denylist parsing to filter control-plane syntax from all input.
Timeline
- CVE record published.
- CISA published its SSVC assessment (exploitation: poc, automatable: yes, technical impact: partial).
- Record last changed materially (score, affected products, status or references).
References
Third-party and government advisories
- vuldb.com/?id.315093Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry
- vuldb.com/?submit.606281Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry
Technical write-ups (may include proof of concept)
- github.com/Vanshdhawan188/Online-Notes-Sharing-System-Php-Gurukul-Python/blob/main/Online-Notes-Sharing-Syste…Exploit, Third Party Advisory
- github.com/Vanshdhawan188/Online-Notes-Sharing-System-Php-Gurukul-Python/blob/main/Online-Notes-Sharing-Syste…Exploit, Third Party Advisory
Other references
- phpgurukul.com/Product
- vuldb.com/?ctiid.315093Permissions Required
Other vulnerabilities in Online Notes Sharing System
- 8.8 High severity
Recent Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component vulnerabilities
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 8.8 High severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
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