N600R: Incorrect Privilege Assignment
CVE-2025-8181 is a high-severity incorrect privilege assignment vulnerability in N600R from TOTOLINK, with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.2 out of 10. It can be exploited remotely over the network by an attacker with administrator privileges, without any action from a user. Affected N600R versions: 1.0.0.1. The record does not name a fixed version, so check the vendor advisory. There is no confirmed exploitation so far. EPSS estimates a 1.12% chance of exploitation within 30 days, higher than 67% of scored CVEs.
High severity with no evidence of exploitation so far.
What to do
- Check which version of N600R you run against the affected versions below, and install the vendor's latest release.
Affected products and versions
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| TOTOLINK | N600R | 1.0.0.1 | Not stated |
| TOTOLINK | X2000R | 1.0.0.1 | Not stated |
| TOTOLINK | N600r Firmware | 4.3.0 | Not stated |
| TOTOLINK | X2000r Firmware | 1.0.0 | Not stated |
Version data comes from the organisation that assigned the CVE. Confirm against the vendor advisory before deciding you are unaffected.
How the severity score breaks down
- Attack vector
- NetworkCan be exploited remotely over a network, including the internet.
- Attack complexity
- LowNo special conditions are needed; the attack works reliably.
- Privileges required
- HighAdministrator-level access is required first.
- User interaction
- NoneNo action by a victim is required.
- Scope
- UnchangedImpact stays within the vulnerable component.
- Confidentiality
- HighAll data handled by the component can be read.
- Integrity
- HighData or code can be modified at will.
- Availability
- HighThe component can be taken down completely.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H. Scored by CNA (vuldb.com).
| Scoring system | Score | Severity | Scored by |
|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS 4.0 | 8.6 | High | CNA (vuldb.com) |
| CVSS 3.1 | 7.2 | High | CNA (vuldb.com) |
| CVSS 2.0 | 8.3 | High | CNA (vuldb.com) |
Official description
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in TOTOLINK N600R and X2000R 1.0.0.1. This affects an unknown part of the file vsftpd.conf of the component FTP Service. The manipulation leads to least privilege violation. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely.
Source: the CVE record as published by its numbering authority, via NVD and CVE.org.
The underlying weakness: Incorrect Privilege Assignment
A product incorrectly assigns a privilege to a particular actor, creating an unintended sphere of control for that actor.
How developers prevent this class of flaw
- Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
- Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
More Incorrect Privilege Assignment vulnerabilities (CWE-266)
Timeline
- CVE record published.
- CISA published its SSVC assessment (exploitation: none, automatable: no, technical impact: partial).
- Record last changed materially (score, affected products, status or references).
References
Third-party and government advisories
- vuldb.com/?id.317595Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry
- vuldb.com/?submit.621966Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry
- vuldb.com/?submit.621968Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry
Technical write-ups (may include proof of concept)
- notion.so/23a54a1113e780c08f3acca6a746d732Exploit, Third Party Advisory
Other references
- vuldb.com/?ctiid.317595Permissions Required, VDB Entry
- totolink.net/Product
Other vulnerabilities in N600R
- 8.3 High severity
- 10.0 Critical severity
- 8.8 High severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
Recent Incorrect Privilege Assignment vulnerabilities
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 7.3 High severity
- 8.8 High severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
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