CyberSecBulletin
CVE-2026-28370NVD status: Modified

Vitrage: Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code

Published Updated By the CyberSecBulletin desk

CVE-2026-28370 is a critical-severity improper neutralization of directives in dynamically evaluated code vulnerability in Vitrage from OpenStack, with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.1 out of 10. It can be exploited remotely over the network by an attacker with administrator privileges, without any action from a user. The record lists version 12.0.1 as the first without the flaw, so updating Vitrage to that release or later removes the exposure. There is no confirmed exploitation so far. EPSS estimates a 0.85% chance of exploitation within 30 days, higher than 59% of scored CVEs.

Patch this week

Critical severity: a successful attack would have severe impact.

What to do

  1. Update Vitrage to 12.0.1 or a later version.
  2. Read the advisory on storyboard.openstack.org for workarounds and exact fixed builds.

Affected products and versions

VendorProductAffected versionsFixed in
OpenStackVitragebefore 12.0.1; 13.0.0; 14.0.0; 15.0.012.0.1

Version data comes from the organisation that assigned the CVE. Confirm against the vendor advisory before deciding you are unaffected.

How the severity score breaks down

Attack vector
NetworkCan be exploited remotely over a network, including the internet.
Attack complexity
LowNo special conditions are needed; the attack works reliably.
Privileges required
HighAdministrator-level access is required first.
User interaction
NoneNo action by a victim is required.
Scope
ChangedThe attack can reach beyond the vulnerable component into other systems.
Confidentiality
HighAll data handled by the component can be read.
Integrity
HighData or code can be modified at will.
Availability
HighThe component can be taken down completely.

Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H. Scored by CNA (mitre.org).

Official description

In the query parser in OpenStack Vitrage before 12.0.1, 13.0.0, 14.0.0, and 15.0.0, a user allowed to access the Vitrage API may trigger code execution on the Vitrage service host as the user the Vitrage service runs under. This may result in unauthorized access to the host and further compromise of the Vitrage service. All deployments exposing the Vitrage API are affected. This occurs in _create_query_function in vitrage/graph/query.py.

Source: the CVE record as published by its numbering authority, via NVD and CVE.org.

The underlying weakness: Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code

The product receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes code syntax before using the input in a dynamic evaluation call (e.g. eval).

How developers prevent this class of flaw

  • If possible, refactor your code so that it does not need to use eval() at all.
  • For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures, so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data.

More Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code vulnerabilities (CWE-95)

Timeline

  1. CVE record published.
  2. CISA published its SSVC assessment (exploitation: none, automatable: no, technical impact: total).
  3. Record last changed materially (score, affected products, status or references).

References

Advisories

Recent Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code vulnerabilities

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