Android: Improper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames
CVE-2026-28577 is a high-severity improper restriction of rendered UI layers or frames vulnerability in Android from Google, with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.8 out of 10. It can be exploited with local access to the system by an attacker with a low-privileged account, without any action from a user. Affected Android versions: 16-qpr2; 16; 15, and others listed below. The record does not name a fixed version, so check the vendor advisory. There is no confirmed exploitation so far. EPSS estimates a 0.07% chance of exploitation within 30 days, which is low compared with other CVEs.
High severity with no evidence of exploitation so far.
What to do
- Check which version of Android you run against the affected versions below, and install the vendor's latest release.
- Read the advisory on source.android.com for workarounds and exact fixed builds.
Affected products and versions
Version data comes from the organisation that assigned the CVE. Confirm against the vendor advisory before deciding you are unaffected.
How the severity score breaks down
- Attack vector
- LocalThe attacker needs local access or must trick a user into running something.
- Attack complexity
- LowNo special conditions are needed; the attack works reliably.
- Privileges required
- LowA basic user account is enough.
- User interaction
- NoneNo action by a victim is required.
- Scope
- UnchangedImpact stays within the vulnerable component.
- Confidentiality
- HighAll data handled by the component can be read.
- Integrity
- HighData or code can be modified at will.
- Availability
- HighThe component can be taken down completely.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H. Scored by CISA (ADP).
Official description
In addWindow of WindowManagerService.java, there is a possible tapjacking issue due to a tapjacking/overlay attack. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
Source: the CVE record as published by its numbering authority, via NVD and CVE.org.
The underlying weakness: Improper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames
The web application does not restrict or incorrectly restricts frame objects or UI layers that belong to another application or domain.
How developers prevent this class of flaw
- Use the frame-ancestors directive in the Content Security Policy, which is intended to define restrictions when it comes to allowing embedded content.
- The use of X-Frame-Options (now partially obsolete as of September 2026) allows developers of web content to restrict the usage of their application within the form of overlays, frames, or iFrames. The developer can indicate from which domains can frame the content. The concept of X-Frame-Options is well documented, but implementation of this protection mechanism is in development to cover gaps; often, there is a need for allowing frames from multiple domains.
- Use a frame-breaker script in each page that should not be framed. This is very helpful for legacy browsers that do not support the X-Frame-Options security feature previously mentioned (which is now partially obsolete).
More Improper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames vulnerabilities (CWE-1021)
Timeline
- CVE record published.
- CISA published its SSVC assessment (exploitation: none, automatable: no, technical impact: total).
- Record last changed materially (score, affected products, status or references).
References
Other vulnerabilities in Android
- 8.4 High severity
- 8.4 High severity
- 7.8 High severity
- 7.8 High severity
- 8.4 High severity
- 7.8 High severity
Recent Improper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames vulnerabilities
- 7.8 High severity
- 8.6 High severity
- 7.4 High severity
- 8.2 High severity
- 7.5 High severity
- 7.4 High severity
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