Fireware OS: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVE-2026-90441 is a high-severity exposure of sensitive information to an unauthorized actor vulnerability in Fireware OS from WatchGuard, with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 8.1 out of 10. It can be exploited remotely over the network by an attacker with a low-privileged account, without any action from a user. The record lists versions 2026.3.2, 2026.2.3, 12.12.3 as the first without the flaw, so updating Fireware OS to one of those releases or later removes the exposure. There is no confirmed exploitation so far. EPSS estimates a 0.23% chance of exploitation within 30 days, which is low compared with other CVEs.
High severity with no evidence of exploitation so far.
What to do
- Update Fireware OS to 2026.3.2 or 2026.2.3 or 12.12.3 or 12.5.21, whichever matches your release line, or a later version.
- Update Fireware to 12.5.21 or 12.12.3 or 2026.2.3 or 2026.3.2, whichever matches your release line, or a later version.
- Read the advisory on psirt.watchguard.com for workarounds and exact fixed builds.
Affected products and versions
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| WatchGuard | Fireware OS | 2026.3 up to, but not including, 2026.3.2; 2025.0 up to, but not including, 2026.2.3; 12.0 up to, but not including, 12.12.3; 12.0 up to, but not including, 12.5.21 | 2026.3.2, 2026.2.3, 12.12.3, 12.5.21 |
| WatchGuard | Fireware | 12.0 up to, but not including, 12.5.21; 12.12 up to, but not including, 12.12.3; 2025.0 up to, but not including, 2026.2.3; 2026.3 up to, but not including, 2026.3.2 | 12.5.21, 12.12.3, 2026.2.3, 2026.3.2 |
Version data comes from the organisation that assigned the CVE. Confirm against the vendor advisory before deciding you are unaffected.
How the severity score breaks down
- Attack vector
- NetworkCan be exploited remotely over a network, including the internet.
- Attack complexity
- LowNo special conditions are needed; the attack works reliably.
- Privileges required
- LowA basic user account is enough.
- User interaction
- NoneNo action by a victim is required.
- Scope
- UnchangedImpact stays within the vulnerable component.
- Confidentiality
- HighAll data handled by the component can be read.
- Integrity
- NoneNothing can be modified.
- Availability
- HighThe component can be taken down completely.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H. Scored by NVD.
| Scoring system | Score | Severity | Scored by |
|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS 4.0 | 7.1 | High | CNA |
| CVSS 3.1 | 8.1 | High | NVD |
Official description
A missing authorization vulnerability in the wgagent management daemon's session initialization function allows an authenticated, low-privileged user (including a read-only or guest administrator account) to crash the wgagent process and read arbitrary files accessible to the daemon by submitting a specially crafted management API request.
Source: the CVE record as published by its numbering authority, via NVD and CVE.org.
The underlying weakness: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
The product exposes sensitive information to an actor that is not explicitly authorized to have access to that information.
How developers prevent this class of flaw
- Compartmentalize the system to have safe areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area. Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
More Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerabilities (CWE-200)
Timeline
- CVE record published.
- CISA published its SSVC assessment (exploitation: none, automatable: no, technical impact: partial).
- Record last changed materially (score, affected products, status or references).
References
Advisories
Other vulnerabilities in Fireware OS
- 9.2 Critical severity
- 9.2 Critical severity
- 7.1 High severity
- 7.2 High severity
- 9.2 Critical severity
- 8.7 High severity
Recent Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerabilities
- 8.6 High severity
- 7.8 High severity
- 8.4 High severity
- 7.5 High severity
- 7.5 High severity
- 9.1 Critical severity
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