URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
CWE-601
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
We track 171 vulnerabilities of this type. 99% are rated high or critical, and the average CVSS score is 8.2. 2 have been exploited in real attacks.
How this weakness is prevented
- Architecture and Design: Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
- Architecture and Design: When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs. For example, ID 1 could map to /login.asp and ID 2 could map to http://www.example.com/. Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap provide this capability.
- Architecture and Design: Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
- Architecture and Design Implementation: Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls. Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
- Operation: Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth.
Latest URL Redirection to Untrusted Site vulnerabilities
- 7.0 High severity
SAP Business AI Platform (Approuter): URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
SAP Approuter does not sufficiently validate certain token content under specific configurations. An unauthenticated attacker could send a specially crafted token to cause sensitive credential material to be sent to an attacker-controlled destination. The atta
- 7.1 High severity
better-auth: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
better-auth versions before 1.1.20 contain a bypass vulnerability in trustedOrigins validation logic affecting absolute URLs and wildcard domains. Attackers can construct malicious callbackURL parameters that pass origin checks and trigger open redirects to st
- 7.5 High severity
Planning Analytics Local: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
IBM Planning Analytics Local 2.1.0 through 2.1.21 is vulnerable to an open redirect that allows an attacker to redirect users to arbitrary external websites via a crafted URL. If used in SSO authentication flows, this could result in exposure of session tokens
- 8.6 High severity
oauth2: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
OAuth2 is a Ruby wrapper for the OAuth 2.0 and 2.1 authorization frameworks, including OpenID Connect (OIDC). From 0.4.0 to 2.0.21, a protocol-relative redirect Location returned to OAuth2::Client#request overrides the request authority, so the bearer Authoriz
- 7.8 High severity
misp: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
MISP installation scripts generated an Apache HTTP virtual-host configuration containing an incorrectly formatted HTTP-to-HTTPS redirect: Redirect permanent / https://misp.example Apache’s Redirect directive appends any portion of the requested path that follo
- 9.3 Critical severity
Unblu Spark: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation
Unblu Spark contains an open redirect vulnerability that can be escalated to a DOM-based cross-site scripting (XSS) attack. When Unblu Spark is deployed with com.unblu.identifier.siteEmbeddedSetup=true, it runs in the same origin as the host application. Any J
- 7.6 High severity
Oracle Agile Product Lifecycle Management for…: Improper Access Control
Vulnerability in the Oracle Agile Product Lifecycle Management for Process product of Oracle Supply Chain (component: Product Quality Management). The supported version that is affected is 6.2.4. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker
- 9.6 Critical severity
Oracle Banking Trade Finance Process Management: Improper Access Control
Vulnerability in the Oracle Banking Trade Finance Process Management product of Oracle Financial Services Applications (component: Common). Supported versions that are affected are 14.6.0-14.8.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker
- 8.7 High severity
PeopleSoft Enterprise CC Common Application…: Improper Access Control
Vulnerability in the PeopleSoft Enterprise CC Common Application Objects product of Oracle PeopleSoft (component: Common Application Objects). The supported version that is affected is 9.2. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with n
- 7.3 High severity
Oracle Learning Management: Improper Access Control
Vulnerability in the Oracle Learning Management product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Internal Operations). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.3-12.2.15. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access vi
- 8.8 High severity
Oracle WebCenter Content: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation
Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Content product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Content Server). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network acc
- 7.5 High severity
Oracle WebCenter Content: Cross-Site Request Forgery
Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Content product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Content Server). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.0.0. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network a
- 8.0 High severity
Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Content product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component…
Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Content product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Web Content Management). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with netw
- 8.0 High severity
Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Content product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component…
Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Content product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Web Content Management). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with netw
- 8.0 High severity
Oracle WebCenter Content: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation
Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Content product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Web Content Management). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with netw
- 7.6 High severity
Oracle WebCenter Content: Improper Access Control
Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Content product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Content Server). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network acc
- 7.6 High severity
Oracle WebCenter Content: Improper Access Control
Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Content product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Content Server). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network acc
- 8.3 High severity
Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Content product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component…
Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Content product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Content Server). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.0.0. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network a
- 8.8 High severity
Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Content product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component…
Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Content product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Content Server). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network acc
- 8.8 High severity
Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Content product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component…
Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Content product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Content Server). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network acc
- 8.8 High severity
Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Content product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component…
Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Content product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Content Server). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network acc
- 8.8 High severity
Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Content product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component…
Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Content product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Content Server). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network acc
- 8.8 High severity
Oracle WebCenter Content: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation
Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Content product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Content Server). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network acc
- 8.8 High severity
Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Content product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component…
Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Content product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Content Server). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network acc
- 8.8 High severity
Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Content product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component…
Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Content product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Content Server). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network acc
- 9.3 Critical severity
Oracle WebCenter Content: Improper Access Control
Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Content product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Content Server). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network acc
- 7.5 High severity
WebCenter Content: Imaging: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
Vulnerability in the WebCenter Content: Imaging product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.0.0. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access vi
- 7.4 High severity
PeopleSoft Enterprise PeopleTools: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
Vulnerability in the PeopleSoft Enterprise PeopleTools product of Oracle PeopleSoft (component: OpenSearch Dashboards). Supported versions that are affected are 8.61 and 8.62. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access
- 7.1 High severity
PeopleSoft Enterprise PeopleTools: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
Vulnerability in the PeopleSoft Enterprise PeopleTools product of Oracle PeopleSoft (component: PIA Core Technology). The supported version that is affected is 8.62. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP
- 8.8 High severity
Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
Vulnerability in the Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform product of Oracle Enterprise Manager (component: Metadata Plugin). Supported versions that are affected are 13.5 and 24.1. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with networ
- 7.3 High severity
dataCycle-CORE: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
dataCycle is a data management system for centrally storing, managing, searching, finding, and distributing data. In dataCycle-CORE, the module handling core processing and framework rules, before and including version 25.07.3, a low-privileged authenticated A
- 8.1 High severity
signoz: Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
SigNoz before 0.134.0 contains an open redirect vulnerability in the SSO authentication flow that allows unauthenticated attackers to steal session tokens from any user on instances configured with Google OAuth, SAML, or OIDC. Attackers can call the unauthenti
- 9.6 Critical severity
grav-plugin-api: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
The Grav API plugin (grav-plugin-api) before 1.0.4 does not validate the origin of the client-supplied admin_base_url field in the POST /api/v1/auth/forgot-password endpoint. The sanitizeHttpUrl() function only checks that the URL scheme is http/https and neve
- 8.1 High severity
SAP Approuter: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
SAP Approuter does not properly validate incoming request headers during the OAuth2 login flow under certain configurations. This allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to craft a malicious link which, when clicked by a victim, could lead to unauthorized ac
- 7.1 High severity
Guardian: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
An Open Redirect vulnerability was discovered in the SAML Single Sign-On functionality due to insufficient validation of a user-controlled redirection parameter. An unauthenticated attacker can craft a request to the SAML sign-in endpoint and poison the cached
- 7.4 High severity
gradio: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
Gradio before 6.20.0 contains an open redirect and server-side request forgery vulnerability that allows attackers to redirect users to arbitrary URLs or perform client-side SSRF by supplying unvalidated HTTP/HTTPS URLs to the file_fetch() function in the /gra
- 7.6 High severity
tinacms: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation
Tina is a headless content management system. In versions prior to @tinacms/app 2.5.6 and tinacms 3.9.3, cross-origin postMessage handlers and a rich-text URL-sanitization bypass enable stored XSS and session takeover. The library registers window message list
- 9.6 Critical severity
Poweradmin is a web-based DNS administration tool for PowerDNS server.
Poweradmin is a web-based DNS administration tool for PowerDNS server. Versions prior to 4.2.4 and 4.3.3 use the attacker-controlled `HTTP_HOST` request header as the authoritative source for building callback URLs in its OIDC, SAML, and logout authentication
- 9.6 Critical severity
immich: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation
immich is a high performance self-hosted photo and video management solution. From commit 4ffa26c9 until 4eb1003, a reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability on the /auth/login page allows an attacker to fully compromise any authenticated user's accou
- 8.8 High severity
Microsoft 365 Copilot: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
Url redirection to untrusted site ('open redirect') in Microsoft 365 Copilot's Business Chat allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.