CVE-2025-24991Exploited in the wildNVD status: Analyzed
Microsoft Windows NTFS Out-Of-Bounds Read
CVE-2025-24991 is a medium-severity out-of-bounds read vulnerability in Windows 10 Version 1507 from Microsoft, with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 5.5 out of 10. It can be exploited with local access to the system by an unauthenticated attacker, but only if a user takes part, for example by opening a link or file. The record lists version 10.0.10240.20947 as the first without the flaw, so updating Windows 10 Version 1507 to that release or later removes the exposure. CISA added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalogue on March 11, 2025, which means attacks have been observed in the wild.
Patch now
Attackers are already exploiting this vulnerability, according to CISA.
What to do
- Update Windows 10 Version 1507 to 10.0.10240.20947 or a later version.
- Update Windows 10 Version 1607 to 10.0.14393.7876 or a later version.
- Update Windows 10 Version 1809 to 10.0.17763.7009 or a later version.
- CISA's required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
- Read the advisory on msrc.microsoft.com for workarounds and exact fixed builds.
- Because the attack needs a user to take part, warn users about unexpected links and files related to this product until it is patched.
Affected products and versions
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1507 | 10.0.10240.0 up to, but not including, 10.0.10240.20947 | 10.0.10240.20947 |
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1607 | 10.0.14393.0 up to, but not including, 10.0.14393.7876 | 10.0.14393.7876 |
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1809 | 10.0.17763.0 up to, but not including, 10.0.17763.7009 | 10.0.17763.7009 |
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 21H2 | 10.0.19044.0 up to, but not including, 10.0.19044.5608 | 10.0.19044.5608 |
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 22H2 | 10.0.19045.0 up to, but not including, 10.0.19045.5608 | 10.0.19045.5608 |
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 22H2 | 10.0.22621.0 up to, but not including, 10.0.22621.5039 | 10.0.22621.5039 |
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 22H3 | 10.0.22631.0 up to, but not including, 10.0.22631.5039 | 10.0.22631.5039 |
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 23H2 | 10.0.22631.0 up to, but not including, 10.0.22631.5039 | 10.0.22631.5039 |
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 24H2 | 10.0.26100.0 up to, but not including, 10.0.26100.3476 | 10.0.26100.3476 |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 | 6.1.7601.0 up to, but not including, 6.1.7601.27618 | 6.1.7601.27618 |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation) | 6.1.7601.0 up to, but not including, 6.1.7601.27618 | 6.1.7601.27618 |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 | 6.0.6003.0 up to, but not including, 6.0.6003.23168 | 6.0.6003.23168 |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation) | 6.0.6003.0 up to, but not including, 6.0.6003.23168 | 6.0.6003.23168 |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 | 6.2.9200.0 up to, but not including, 6.2.9200.25368 | 6.2.9200.25368 |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) | 6.2.9200.0 up to, but not including, 6.2.9200.25368 | 6.2.9200.25368 |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 | 6.3.9600.0 up to, but not including, 6.3.9600.22470 | 6.3.9600.22470 |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) | 6.3.9600.0 up to, but not including, 6.3.9600.22470 | 6.3.9600.22470 |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 | 10.0.14393.0 up to, but not including, 10.0.14393.7876 | 10.0.14393.7876 |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) | 10.0.14393.0 up to, but not including, 10.0.14393.7876 | 10.0.14393.7876 |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 | 10.0.17763.0 up to, but not including, 10.0.17763.7009 | 10.0.17763.7009 |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) | 10.0.17763.0 up to, but not including, 10.0.17763.7009 | 10.0.17763.7009 |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022 | 10.0.20348.0 up to, but not including, 10.0.20348.3328 | 10.0.20348.3328 |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) | 10.0.25398.0 up to, but not including, 10.0.25398.1486 | 10.0.25398.1486 |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 | 10.0.26100.0 up to, but not including, 10.0.26100.3476 | 10.0.26100.3476 |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) | 10.0.26100.0 up to, but not including, 10.0.26100.3476 | 10.0.26100.3476 |
Version data comes from the organisation that assigned the CVE; 10 further products are omitted here. Confirm against the vendor advisory before deciding you are unaffected.
How the severity score breaks down
- Attack vector
- LocalThe attacker needs local access or must trick a user into running something.
- Attack complexity
- LowNo special conditions are needed; the attack works reliably.
- Privileges required
- NoneNo account or login is needed.
- User interaction
- RequiredA user must take an action such as opening a file or link.
- Scope
- UnchangedImpact stays within the vulnerable component.
- Confidentiality
- HighAll data handled by the component can be read.
- Integrity
- NoneNothing can be modified.
- Availability
- NoneAvailability is not affected.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N. Scored by CNA (microsoft.com).
Official description
Out-of-bounds read in Windows NTFS allows an authorized attacker to disclose information locally.
Source: the CVE record as published by its numbering authority, via NVD and CVE.org.
The underlying weakness: Out-of-bounds Read
The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
How developers prevent this class of flaw
- Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.
Timeline
- CVE record published.
- Added to CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalogue.
- CISA published its SSVC assessment (exploitation: active, automatable: no, technical impact: partial).
- Deadline for US federal agencies to remediate, set by CISA.
- Record last changed materially (score, affected products, status or references).
References
Third-party and government advisories
- cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-24991US Government Resource
Other vulnerabilities in Windows 10 Version 1507
- 7.0 High severity
- 7.8 High severity
- 7.0 High severity
- 7.7 High severity
- 7.0 High severity
Recent Out-of-bounds Read vulnerabilities
- 7.8 High severity
- 7.8 High severity
- 7.8 High severity
- 7.8 High severity
- 7.8 High severity
- 8.8 High severity
Spotted an error? Tell us.