Niagara Framework: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
CVE-2025-3945 is a critical-severity improper neutralization of argument delimiters in a command vulnerability in Niagara Framework from Tridium, with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.8 out of 10. It can be exploited remotely over the network by an unauthenticated attacker, without any action from a user. The record lists versions 4.14.2, 4.15.1, 4.10.11 as the first without the flaw, so updating Niagara Framework to one of those releases or later removes the exposure. There is no confirmed exploitation so far. EPSS estimates a 0.62% chance of exploitation within 30 days, higher than 50% of scored CVEs.
Critical severity: a successful attack would have severe impact.
What to do
- Update Niagara Framework to 4.14.2 or 4.15.1 or 4.10.11, whichever matches your release line, or a later version.
- Update Niagara Enterprise Security to 4.14.2 or 4.15.1 or 4.10.11, whichever matches your release line, or a later version.
- Read the advisory on honeywell.com for workarounds and exact fixed builds.
- Until you can update, restrict network access to the affected service so it is not reachable from untrusted networks.
Affected products and versions
| Vendor | Product | Affected versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tridium | Niagara Framework | before 4.14.2; before 4.15.1; before 4.10.11 | 4.14.2, 4.15.1, 4.10.11 |
| Tridium | Niagara Enterprise Security | before 4.14.2; before 4.15.1; before 4.10.11 | 4.14.2, 4.15.1, 4.10.11 |
| Tridium | Niagara | 4.10u10; 4.14u1; 4.15 | Not stated |
Version data comes from the organisation that assigned the CVE. Confirm against the vendor advisory before deciding you are unaffected.
How the severity score breaks down
- Attack vector
- NetworkCan be exploited remotely over a network, including the internet.
- Attack complexity
- LowNo special conditions are needed; the attack works reliably.
- Privileges required
- NoneNo account or login is needed.
- User interaction
- NoneNo action by a victim is required.
- Scope
- UnchangedImpact stays within the vulnerable component.
- Confidentiality
- HighAll data handled by the component can be read.
- Integrity
- HighData or code can be modified at will.
- Availability
- HighThe component can be taken down completely.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H. Scored by NVD.
| Scoring system | Score | Severity | Scored by |
|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS 3.1 | 7.2 | High | CNA (honeywell.com) |
| CVSS 3.1 | 9.8 | Critical | NVD |
Official description
Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection') vulnerability in Tridium Niagara Framework on QNX, Tridium Niagara Enterprise Security on QNX allows Command Delimiters. This issue affects Niagara Framework: before 4.14.2, before 4.15.1, before 4.10.11; Niagara Enterprise Security: before 4.14.2, before 4.15.1, before 4.10.11. Tridium recommends upgrading to Niagara Framework and Enterprise Security versions 4.14.2u2, 4.15.u1, or 4.10u.11.
Source: the CVE record as published by its numbering authority, via NVD and CVE.org.
The underlying weakness: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
The product constructs a string for a command to be executed by a separate component in another control sphere, but it does not properly delimit the intended arguments, options, or switches within that command string.
How developers prevent this class of flaw
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your product: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, request headers as well as content, URL components, e-mail, files, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Perform input validation at well-defined interfaces.
- Directly convert your input type into the expected data type, such as using a conversion function that translates a string into a number. After converting to the expected data type, ensure that the input's values fall within the expected range of allowable values and that multi-field consistencies are maintained.
- When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so.
More Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command vulnerabilities (CWE-88)
Timeline
- CVE record published.
- CISA published its SSVC assessment (exploitation: none, automatable: no, technical impact: total).
- Record last changed materially (score, affected products, status or references).
References
Other references
- docs.niagara-community.com/category/tech_bullPermissions Required
Other vulnerabilities in Niagara Framework
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 7.5 High severity
- 7.5 High severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
Recent Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command vulnerabilities
- 8.8 High severity
- 8.8 High severity
- 9.1 Critical severity
- 7.8 High severity
- 9.2 Critical severity
- 7.1 High severity
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