Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
CWE-88
The product constructs a string for a command to be executed by a separate component in another control sphere, but it does not properly delimit the intended arguments, options, or switches within that command string.
We track 287 vulnerabilities of this type. 100% are rated high or critical, and the average CVSS score is 8.5. 5 have been exploited in real attacks.
How this weakness is prevented
- Architecture and Design: Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your product: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, request headers as well as content, URL components, e-mail, files, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Perform input validation at well-defined interfaces.
- Implementation: Directly convert your input type into the expected data type, such as using a conversion function that translates a string into a number. After converting to the expected data type, ensure that the input's values fall within the expected range of allowable values and that multi-field consistencies are maintained.
- Implementation: When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so.
- Implementation: When your application combines data from multiple sources, perform the validation after the sources have been combined. The individual data elements may pass the validation step but violate the intended restrictions after they have been combined.
- Testing: Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Latest Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command vulnerabilities
- 7.4 High severity
TR3000 1.0: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Cudy TR3000 before 2.5.42 contains an argument injection vulnerability that allows a malicious or compromised ACS to inject curl options through unfiltered Username and Password values in the easycwmpd Upload handler. Attackers can embed whitespace to add opti
- 7.2 High severity
FortiManager: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
A improper neutralization of argument delimiters in a command ('argument injection') vulnerability in Fortinet FortiAnalyzer 8.0.0, FortiAnalyzer 7.6.0 through 7.6.7, FortiAnalyzer 7.4.0 through 7.4.11, FortiAnalyzer 7.2.0 through 7.2.12, FortiAnalyzer Cloud 8
- 7.2 High severity
FortiMail: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
A improper neutralization of argument delimiters in a command ('argument injection') vulnerability in Fortinet FortiMail 8.0.0 through 8.0.2, FortiMail 7.6.0 through 7.6.6, FortiMail 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiMail 7.2 all versions may allow an authenticated re
- 7.2 High severity
FortiMail: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
A improper neutralization of argument delimiters in a command ('argument injection') vulnerability in Fortinet FortiMail 8.0.0 through 8.0.2, FortiMail 7.6.0 through 7.6.6, FortiMail 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiMail 7.2 all versions may allow an authenticated re
- 7.2 High severity
FortiMail: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
A improper neutralization of argument delimiters in a command ('argument injection') vulnerability in Fortinet FortiMail 8.0.0 through 8.0.2, FortiMail 7.6.0 through 7.6.6, FortiMail 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiMail 7.2 all versions may allow an authenticated re
- 9.4 Critical severity
Checkmk: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Argument injection in the Kubernetes special agent in Checkmk <2.5.0p19, <2.4.0p40, and 2.3.0 (EOL) allows a user with permission to edit rules in at least one folder to write files to arbitrary locations writable by the site user via crafted node roles in the
- 7.5 High severity
bird-lg-go: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
bird-lg-go is a BIRD looking glass in Go. Prior to version 1.4.7, unsanitized input path enables arbitrary local file read, allowing an unauthenticated remote attacker to read sensitive files such as /etc/shadow and /root/.bash_history. This issue has been pat
- 9.9 Critical severity
API Connect: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
IBM API Connect 10.0.8.0 through 10.0.8.12 and 12.1.0.0 through 12.1.1.2 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to access and modify other tenants' portal data due to improper neutralization of argument delimiters.
- 8.0 High severity
Codex Desktop for Windows: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Codex Desktop for Windows does not correctly check quotation marks in project paths from Windows Explorer. If a user selects "Open project in ChatGPT" for an attacker-controlled library's child item, the path can add application startup arguments. These argume
- 8.8 High severity
ntopng: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command
ntopng is a web-based network traffic monitoring application. Prior to 6.7.260717, scripts/lua/rest/v2/add/host/to_scan.lua and scripts/lua/rest/v2/exec/host/schedule_vulnerability_scan.lua accept scan_ports from any authenticated session, including non-admini
- 8.7 High severity
iTerm2: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
iTerm2 before 3.7.7beta2 has an argument injection vulnerability in the x-man-page: URL handler, allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary commands with the privileges of the logged-in user by inducing the user to open a crafted URL in iTerm2. Percent-encoded
- 8.0 High severity
OpenManage Enterprise: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Dell OpenManage Enterprise, versions prior to 4.8.0, contains an Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection') vulnerability. A low privileged attacker with adjacent network access could potentially exploit this vulnerabili
- 8.7 High severity
dreamdisplays: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Dream Displays provides in-game screens for streaming videos in Minecraft. From 1.5.0 until 1.8.2, user-controlled input can influence arguments passed to `yt-dlp` under specific conditions. Unintended command-line options may be interpreted by `yt-dlp`, poten
- 7.2 High severity
OpenManage Enterprise: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Dell OpenManage Enterprise, versions prior to 4.8.0, contains an Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection') vulnerability. A high privileged attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leadi
- 7.3 High severity
nx: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command
Nx is a monorepo solution for TypeScript and polyglot codebases. From 22.0.2 until 22.7.9 and 23.1.2 for @nx/maven, and from 21.0.0 until 22.7.9 and 23.1.2 for @nx/gradle, the plugins' project-graph analyzers launch through a shell and interpolate plugin optio
- 9.9 Critical severity
WS_FTP Server: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command
An OS command injection vulnerability in Progress Software WS_FTP Server versions prior to 2024.0.7 and 2025.0.4 on Windows could allow arbitrary command execution under certain configurations.
- 9.0 Critical severity
WS_FTP Server: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command
An OS command injection vulnerability in Progress Software WS_FTP Server versions prior to 2024.0.7 and 2025.0.4 on Windows could allow arbitrary command execution with elevated privileges under certain configurations.
- 7.8 High severity
Zimbra Collaboration Suite: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
A local privilege escalation vulnerability in the zmmailboxdmgr launcher of Zimbra Collaboration Suite (ZCS) allows the Unix zimbra account to execute arbitrary commands as root. The passwordless sudo interface accepts JVM arguments that are not adequately res
- 8.5 High severity
incus: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Incus from 7.3.0 before 7.5.0 contains a project restriction bypass that allows restricted project users to set block.create_options through volume update, copy, and move operations. Attackers can set the option on a custom volume and trigger a copy or move on
- 10.0 Critical severity
Apache Traffic Server: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Apache Traffic Server's experimental magick plugin lets an unauthenticated client control ImageMagick convert arguments in its default (unsigned) configuration. This issue affects Apache Traffic Server: from 8.0.1 through 8.1.11, from 9.0.0 through 9.2.15, fro
- 9.9 Critical severity
argo-cd: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Argo CD is a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes. From 2.7.0 until 3.3.15, 3.4.10, 3.5.4, and 3.6.0-rc2, Kustomize passes ref or version query values from remote resource, base, or component URLs to git fetch without an end-of-options s
- 9.8 Critical severity
Pillow: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command
Pillow is a Python imaging library. From 2.6.0 until 13.0.0, Pillow is vulnerable to argument injection when invoking Ghostscript for EPS input. EpsImagePlugin.Ghostscript passes a caller-controlled input filename after -f without converting it to a safe absol
- 9.2 Critical severity
Claude Agent SDK is a Python SDK for Claude Code.
Claude Agent SDK is a Python SDK for Claude Code. Prior to 0.2.121, the resume option is passed to the Claude CLI as a separate token without validation, so a dash-leading value is parsed as an independent CLI flag. An attacker can inject the --mcp-config flag
- 7.8 High severity
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
A flaw was found in cifs-utils. This flaw allows an unprivileged local user to achieve privilege escalation. When a privileged service mounts a Common Internet File System (CIFS) share using a user-controlled credentials file, input values are not properly san
- 7.5 High severity
GitPython: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
GitPython before 3.2.0 contains an argument injection vulnerability in Head.checkout() that allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files by supplying a branch name parsed as a git option. Attackers can host a repository whose default branch is named --paths
- 8.1 High severity
GitPython: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
GitPython from 3.1.30 before 3.2.0 contains a remote code execution vulnerability in Remote.pull() whose unsafe-option guard inspects only keyword arguments, not the positional refspec. Attackers controlling the refspec can supply --upload-pack=<command> to ex
- 9.9 Critical severity
hestiacp: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Hestia Control Panel is a lightweight and powerful control panel for the modern web. From version 1.9.7 through 1.10.4, update_object_value() in func/main.sh does not escape single quotes when writing a custom document-root value to a user's web.conf file, all
- 7.5 High severity
Gitea: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Gitea substitutes a URL derived from the markup Context field into external renderer command templates without escaping the reference path before shell-style argument splitting. A crafted Context can inject additional renderer arguments, including options that
- 7.0 High severity
vnote: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command
VNote is a note-taking platform. Prior to 4.3.0, SessionConfig::ExternalProgram::fetchCommand wraps a note path in double quotes and substitutes it into a command string that QProcess::start(const QString&) reparses into arguments through ProcessUtils::startDe
- 7.8 High severity
Windows 10 Version 21H2: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Improper neutralization of argument delimiters in a command ('argument injection') in Windows Error Reporting allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
- 9.0 Critical severity
jfrog-cli: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Potential arbitrary code execution under specific configurations. Updated October 22, 2026: Affected versions now include JFrog CLI v2.127.0. For remediation, update to v2.128.0 or later.
- 9.9 Critical severity
NR268: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component
A flaw has been found in Netcore NR268 1.7.121109. The affected element is the function execvp of the file /router/DDNSset.cgi of the component DDNS. Executing a manipulation of the argument Hostname can lead to argument injection. The attack can be launched r
- 8.8 High severity
databasement: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
databasement before 1.8.2 allows remote code execution because it runs certain commands (e.g., mariadb-dump) with a database name that can be specified by any authenticated user. For example, --result-file=/app/public/index.php can write to index.php. In other
- 7.1 High severity
sumatrapdf: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
SumatraPDF is a multi-format reader for Windows. In 3.6.1 and earlier, src/SelectionTranslate.cpp embeds selected or pasted translation text in quoted Windows command lines using incomplete quote-only escaping. The affected BuildGrokTranslateCmdLineTemp(), Bui
- 7.1 High severity
SumatraPDF is a multi-format reader for Windows.
SumatraPDF is a multi-format reader for Windows. In 3.5.2 and earlier, an attacker-controlled SyncTeX source filename is substituted for the %f placeholder in an external editor command line without safe Windows argument quoting, and the resulting command line
- 8.8 High severity
Security Verify Access: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
IBM Security Verify Access 10.0 through 10.0.9.2 and IBM Verify Identity Access 11.0 through 11.0.3 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to improper neutralization of command arguments.
- 8.8 High severity
Security Verify Access: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
IBM Security Verify Access 10.0 through 10.0.9.2 and IBM Verify Identity Access 11.0 through 11.0.3 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to perform unauthorized actions due to argument injection.
- 8.8 High severity
ILIAS: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
ILIAS before 9.24, 10.x before 10.12 and 11.x before 11.5 contains an argument injection vulnerability in assImagemapQuestionGUI that allows question authors to inject ImageMagick convert options via uploaded image filenames. Attackers can embed tab-separated
- 7.3 High severity
Fabric OS: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
An authorization and input validation vulnerability exists in Brocade Fabric OS versions before 9.2.2d and 10.0.0 through 10.0.0a1. An authenticated user with restricted privileges in one Virtual Fabric can exploit this issue by submitting a specially crafted
- 7.5 High severity
UFO: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Microsoft UFO is an open-source framework for intelligent automation across devices and platforms. Prior to 3.0.9, the run_shell tool in the CommandLineExecutor component of ufo/client/mcp/local_servers/cli_mcp_server.py validates only the first token of the b