Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
CWE-88
The product constructs a string for a command to be executed by a separate component in another control sphere, but it does not properly delimit the intended arguments, options, or switches within that command string.
We track 287 vulnerabilities of this type. 100% are rated high or critical, and the average CVSS score is 8.5. 5 have been exploited in real attacks.
How this weakness is prevented
- Architecture and Design: Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your product: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, request headers as well as content, URL components, e-mail, files, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Perform input validation at well-defined interfaces.
- Implementation: Directly convert your input type into the expected data type, such as using a conversion function that translates a string into a number. After converting to the expected data type, ensure that the input's values fall within the expected range of allowable values and that multi-field consistencies are maintained.
- Implementation: When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so.
- Implementation: When your application combines data from multiple sources, perform the validation after the sources have been combined. The individual data elements may pass the validation step but violate the intended restrictions after they have been combined.
- Testing: Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Latest Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command vulnerabilities
- 8.8 High severity
UFO: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command
Microsoft UFO is an open-source framework for intelligent automation across devices and platforms. Prior to 3.0.10, the type_text and launch_app tools in ufo/client/mcp/http_servers/mobile_mcp_server.py pass the authenticated caller-controlled text and package
- 7.8 High severity
auto-changelog: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory
auto-changelog before 2.6.1 merges configuration from inside the target repository (the .auto-changelog file and the auto-changelog key in package.json) into its options, and honors security-sensitive options from that untrusted source. The handlebarsSetup opt
- 8.2 High severity
security-agent-mcp-server: External Control of File Name or Path
An argument injection issue in the diff scan operation in AWS security-agent-mcp-server before version 0.2.0 might allow context-dependent threat actors to create, overwrite, or truncate arbitrary files on the host outside the intended workspace directory via
- 9.8 Critical severity
git-js: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command
simple-git, an interface for running git commands in any node.js application, enables applications to execute Git operations from JavaScript. Prior to 4.0.0, the default blockUnsafeOperationsPlugin compares parsed option names with literal dangerous option spe
- 8.5 High severity
weblate: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command
Weblate is a web-based continuous localization platform used to manage software translations. Weblate 4.11.1 through 2026.7.1 contains an argument-injection vulnerability in its Mercurial backend. Repository filenames beginning with - could be interpreted as M
- 9.1 Critical severity
froxlor: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Froxlor before 2.3.12 does not restrict or escape the system.letsencryptchallengepath setting: unlike sibling settings hardened in GHSA-33mp, the field has no string_regexp or required_otp guard, and its value is concatenated unescaped into the acme.sh command
- 7.8 High severity
OpenClaw: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
OpenClaw (npm package 'openclaw') versions >= 2026.3.28 and < 2026.8.1 allow an untrusted workspace .env file to set the CLOUDSDK_PYTHON_ARGS environment variable. When an operator starts OpenClaw in attacker-controlled workspace content and then runs the Gmai
- 8.0 High severity
OpenClaw: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
OpenClaw (npm package 'openclaw') versions >= 2026.3.22 and < 2026.8.1 contain an approval-bypass flaw in the exec approval policy: the policy could trust a command-running wrapper without inspecting the command carried in its arguments. After an operator allo
- 8.4 High severity
CliInvoke: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
CliInvoke and its formerly named `AlastairLundy.CliInvoke` package are .NET libraries for invoking command-line programs and wrapping executable processes. `CliInvoke` versions 2.0.0 through 2.8.4, 2.9.0 through 2.9.3, 2.10.0 through 2.10.4, and 3.0.0-alpha.1
- 9.4 Critical severity
WP Toolkit for cPanel: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Argument injection in WP Toolkit for cPanel 6.11.2-10794 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to read arbitrary files and execute arbitrary code across customer accounts.
- 9.9 Critical severity
Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.4 for…: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
A flaw was found in Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform's automation- controller. The Project scm_url field is not validated against values that begin with a dash and is stored and passed verbatim to the git SCM module. Because the module runs git ls-remote wi
- 7.8 High severity
NetworkManager-l2tp: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
NetworkManager-l2tp through 1.52.4, fixed in 1.52.6, contains a privilege escalation vulnerability that allows local users with permission to create VPN connections to execute arbitrary code as root by injecting pppd options through a crafted VPN username. Att
- 8.8 High severity
NetBackup Flex OS: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
An authenticated, low-privileged user with access to the NetBackup Flex OS management shell could supply a specially crafted input to a privileged administrative command, causing it to execute arbitrary code with root-level permissions. Successful exploitation
- 9.4 Critical severity
Browsertrix is a high-fidelity, browser-based crawling service for web archiving that can be…
Browsertrix is a high-fidelity, browser-based crawling service for web archiving that can be self-hosted or used through Webrecorder's hosted instance. From 1.15.0 until 1.22.8, Browsertrix improperly sanitizes Git URLs specified as Custom Behaviors, allowing
- 7.8 High severity
NetworkManager-l2tp: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
NetworkManager-l2tp through 1.52.4, fixed in 1.52.6, contains an improper input validation vulnerability that allows local users with VPN connection creation permissions to inject arbitrary pppd directives by supplying mru or mtu property values containing tra
- 8.8 High severity
appwrite: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Appwrite before 2.0.0 contains an argument injection vulnerability that allows authenticated users with functions.write or sites.write permissions to execute arbitrary commands by injecting TAB characters into the providerRootDirectory parameter used to constr
- 8.8 High severity
pgAdmin 4: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory
pgAdmin 4's Backup tool appended the client-supplied 'database' field from the /backup/job/<sid>/object request to the pg_dump argument vector as a bare trailing positional argument, without validation. Because pg_dump parses its options with getopt_long, whic
- 7.2 High severity
NR255-V: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Netcore NR255-V firmware version 1.5.130703 builds root-run command lines from unquoted user-supplied DDNS input in DDNSset_cgi.c and related ddns_Proc.c components, enabling os command argument injection. Attackers can exploit the unsanitized parameters to in
- 8.8 High severity
NR255-V: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Netcore NR255-V version 1.5.130703 contains an os command argument injection vulnerability in the Nettools tcpdump launch paths, including ntools_start_set_cgi, ntools_tcpdump_start_set_cgi, exe_default, and ntools_proc components. Attackers can inject crafted
- 9.8 Critical severity
fireshare: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Fireshare facilitates self-hosted media and link sharing. Prior to version 1.6.14, an argument Injection in the video upload function allows unauthenticated attacker to write/overwrite system files. Version 1.6.14 fixes the issue.
- 8.7 High severity
mcp-gateway: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
MCP Gateway allows easy and secure running and deployment of MCP servers. From 0.21.0 until 0.42.2, Docker MCP Gateway YAML-unmarshalled the attacker-controlled io.docker.server.metadata OCI image label into the broad catalog.Server structure for direct docker
- 7.8 High severity
Fedora: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
A flaw was found in NetworkManager-l2tp. The plugin writes attacker-controlled VPN connection properties (vpn.data and vpn.secrets values) unescaped into a generated ipsec.conf file that pluto loads as root. A local unprivileged user can create and activate th
- 7.3 High severity
nanobot: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component
A vulnerability was identified in HKUDS nanobot up to 0.2.1. The affected element is the function ExecTool._guard_command/ExecTool._spawn of the file nanobot/agent/tools/shell.py of the component ExecTool. Such manipulation leads to argument injection. It is p
- 7.8 High severity
Parallels Desktop for Mac: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command
Parallels Desktop runs prl_disp_service as root. Local clients reach it on the world-writable socket /var/run/prl_disp_service.socket. PrlSrv_LoginLocal accepts peer credentials. No Parallels signature. No admin group. After login, PrlSrv_InstallAppliance lets
- 7.8 High severity
projen: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command in the task synthesis component in projen before 0.103.0 might allow context-dependent attackers to execute arbitrary commands on a developer workstation or continuous integration runner via she
- 8.6 High severity
EcoStruxure™ IT Data Center Expert (Formerly…: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
CWE-88: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection') vulnerability exists that could cause remote code execution by an attacker with a privileged account when malicious arguments are provided as backup configuration parame
- 8.4 High severity
bestzip: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
bestzip versions 2.2.6 and 3.0.2 contain an argument injection vulnerability in the nativeZip function that allows attackers to inject arbitrary arguments to the Info-ZIP backend. Attackers can supply a malicious destination path combined with crafted source e
- 9.8 Critical severity
Cosminexus Component Container: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Command Argument Injection Vulnerability in Cosminexus Component Container. This issue affects Cosminexus Component Container: from 11-70-01 before 11-70-03, from 11-60 before 11-60-03, from 11-50 through 11-50-03, from 11-40 through 11-40-03, from 11-30 throu
- 7.7 High severity
OpenVPN: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command
An argument parsing issue in OpenVPN 2.1_rc10 through 2.6.22 and 2.7_alpha1 through 2.7.7 on Windows allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted certificate subject
- 9.8 Critical severity
MikroTik RouterOS Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command Exploited
RouterOS contains an argument-handling flaw in the SSH login path involving usernames that begin with a prohibited character, allowing for the trusted RouterOS policy mask to be changed, leading to privilege escalation. Exploitation requires an unauthenticated
- 7.5 High severity
git-mcp-server: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
git-mcp-server 2.15.1 contains an argument injection vulnerability in the ref and object parameters of git_log, git_diff, and git_show tools that lack leading-dash validation. Attackers can inject git command-line options like --output= to write files outside
- 7.1 High severity
powsybl-core: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command
PowSyBl (Power System Blocks) is a framework to build power system oriented software. Prior to 7.2.2, UnixLocalCommandExecutor and WindowsLocalCommandExecutor concatenate command arguments and environment variables into strings interpreted through bash -c or c
- 7.1 High severity
wazuh: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Wazuh is an open-source security platform providing unified XDR and SIEM protection for endpoints and cloud workloads. In versions 4.2.0 through 4.14.6, multiple active response scripts pass attacker-influenced alert fields to privileged system commands withou
- 7.1 High severity
C# Driver: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Improper neutralization of delimiters in connection-URL construction allows connection-option injection in the MongoDB C# Driver. When an application passes untrusted text into the driver's connection-URL builder and round-trips the builder back into a client
- 8.4 High severity
bestzip: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
bestzip builds the argument list for the system zip utility without separating options from operands. The destination archive path and the caller-supplied source paths are passed to the child process with no -- delimiter between them, so any source entry begin
- 9.8 Critical severity
nltk: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
NLTK before 3.10.3 fails to validate JVM options passed through the per-call options parameter in the java() function, allowing attackers to inject dangerous JVM flags. Attackers can supply malicious options like -agentpath, -javaagent, or @argfile to Stanford
- 7.3 High severity
node-poppler: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component
A vulnerability was detected in Fdawgs node-poppler up to 9.1.2/10.0.1. The impacted element is the function pdfInfo/pdfToText/pdfToCairo/pdfToPpm/pdfImages/pdfToHtml/pdfToPs/pdfFonts/pdfDetach/pdfAttach/pdfSeparate/pdfUnite of the file src/index.js of the com
- 9.8 Critical severity
GitPython: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
GitPython before 3.1.59 fails to safely re-serialize multi-line git-config values during write operations, corrupting dormant quoted values into injected directives like core.hooksPath. Attackers can craft config files with embedded newlines that become live g
- 7.8 High severity
hashcat: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
hashcat fails to restrict command-line options when parsing restore files, allowing attackers to inject output-redirecting options like --outfile and --potfile-path. Attackers can craft restore files with malicious options to append attacker-controlled content
- 9.9 Critical severity
incus: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Incus is a system container and virtual machine manager. Prior to version 7.3.0, improper validation of user-provided `block.create_options` in storage volume configuration leads to argument injection in the constructed filesystem creation command line. This a