Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
CWE-88
The product constructs a string for a command to be executed by a separate component in another control sphere, but it does not properly delimit the intended arguments, options, or switches within that command string.
We track 287 vulnerabilities of this type. 100% are rated high or critical, and the average CVSS score is 8.5. 5 have been exploited in real attacks.
How this weakness is prevented
- Architecture and Design: Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your product: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, request headers as well as content, URL components, e-mail, files, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Perform input validation at well-defined interfaces.
- Implementation: Directly convert your input type into the expected data type, such as using a conversion function that translates a string into a number. After converting to the expected data type, ensure that the input's values fall within the expected range of allowable values and that multi-field consistencies are maintained.
- Implementation: When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so.
- Implementation: When your application combines data from multiple sources, perform the validation after the sources have been combined. The individual data elements may pass the validation step but violate the intended restrictions after they have been combined.
- Testing: Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Latest Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command vulnerabilities
- 8.8 High severity
Apache InLong: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection') vulnerability in Apache InLong. Agent Installer's ModuleManager executes arbitrary shell commands via ExcuteLinux.exeCmd() with no filtering or whitelist validation. This issue
- 10.0 Critical severity
Azure Managed Instance for Apache Cassandra: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Improper neutralization of argument delimiters in a command ('argument injection') in Azure Managed Instance for Apache Cassandra allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
- 7.0 High severity
sshfs: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
SSHFS is a network filesystem client for connecting to SSH servers. From version 1.4 until 3.7.6, SSHFS accepts a bracketed mount source such as [-oProxyCommand=CMD]:/path and find_base_path() removes the brackets, leaving a host value that begins with - and i
- 8.8 High severity
GitPython: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
GitPython before 3.1.58 contains a command execution vulnerability in the check_unsafe_options guard that can be bypassed by combining a single-character kwarg with split_single_char_options=False. Attackers can supply a crafted kwargs dictionary to guarded me
- 8.1 High severity
GitPython: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
GitPython versions before 3.1.58 contain an arbitrary file overwrite vulnerability in IndexFile.from_tree, IndexFile.reset, and IndexFile.merge_tree methods that append caller-influenced treeish strings to git read-tree without option validation or argument se
- 8.8 High severity
GitPython: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
GitPython before 3.1.58 contains a remote code execution vulnerability in Repo.init that forwards unsafe git options without validation. Attackers can supply a template parameter pointing to a directory with malicious git hooks that execute arbitrary code when
- 7.0 High severity
monitoring-plugins: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Linuxfabrik Monitoring Plugins provides monitoring plugins for Icinga, Nagios, and related systems. Prior to version 5.1.0, the shipped assets/sudoers/Debian.sudoers policy allowed the nagios or icinga account to execute /usr/bin/apt-get as root without restri
- 7.4 High severity
CodeWhale: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
CodeWhale versions before 0.8.64 contain an argument injection vulnerability in the git_blame tool that allows attackers to read arbitrary files by injecting git options into the unvalidated rev parameter. Attackers can supply rev values like --contents=/path/
- 8.1 High severity
rsync: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command
rsync before 3.5.0 contains multiple command and argument injection vulnerabilities that allow attackers to execute arbitrary commands by supplying malicious input through several code paths, including the RSYNC_CONNECT_PROG environment variable, daemon hooks,
- 8.1 High severity
rsync: Improper Link Resolution Before File Access
rsync before 3.5.0 contains a time-of-check to time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition vulnerability in the rrsync restricted shell wrapper that allows authenticated clients to escape enforced directory restrictions by substituting a symlink for a path component a
- 8.1 High severity
GitPython: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
GitPython versions before 3.1.54 contain an arbitrary file overwrite vulnerability in the Diffable.diff method that fails to validate git options passed through kwargs. Attackers can supply the --output argument via the other parameter or output kwarg to write
- 9.8 Critical severity
PDF::WebKit: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
PDF::WebKit versions through 1.2 for Perl allow argument injection into wkhtmltopdf via meta tags in the source document. For an HTML string or file source, the constructor collects every <meta name="pdf-webkit-KEY" content="VALUE"> element in the document hea
- 9.8 Critical severity
Apache Allura: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Specifically crafted inputs may lead to git argument injection in Apache Allura. This issue affects Apache Allura: before 1.19.1. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.19.1, which fixes the issue.
- 9.9 Critical severity
semaphore: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command
Semaphore UI is a web interface for managing DevOps tools. Prior to 2.18.17 and 2.19.5-beta2, repository git_url handling passes an attacker-controlled --upload-pack option to CmdGitClient.GetLastRemoteCommitHash through POST /api/project/{id}/repositories and
- 8.8 High severity
Prefect: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
An argument injection vulnerability in PrefectHQ Prefect through 3.8.2 allows authenticated users to achieve remote code execution via the git_clone pull step branch field. The branch parameter is passed directly to git pull without sanitization, enabling inje
- 8.8 High severity
pgAdmin 4: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command
The MASTER_PASSWORD_HOOK setting, introduced in pgAdmin 4 7.2, lets an administrator configure an external command that returns a per-user encryption key, with %u in the configured string replaced by the current user's name. The previous implementation substit
- 7.8 High severity
yggdrasil-worker-package-manager: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
A flaw was found in yggdrasil-worker-package-manager. A local attacker with existing access to the system could exploit an argument injection vulnerability in the APT backend. This allows specially crafted package names, which begin with a hyphen, to be misint
- 7.8 High severity
macOS: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
An injection issue was addressed with improved validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Golden Gate 27, macOS Sequoia 15.7.8, macOS Sonoma 14.8.8, macOS Tahoe 26.7. An app may be able to gain root privileges.
- 7.3 High severity
bedrock-agentcore 1.18.1: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Improper neutralization of argument delimiters in the install_packages() method in AWS Bedrock AgentCore Python SDK before 1.18.1 might allow a remote authenticated user to execute arbitrary commands within the Code Interpreter sandbox via crafted package name
- 9.9 Critical severity
kata-containers: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Kata Containers is an open source project focusing on a standard implementation of lightweight Virtual Machines (VMs) that perform like containers. Versions prior to 3.31.0 ship with a default configuration that allows pod creators to inject arbitrary command-
- 7.8 High severity
Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
A flaw was found in the Visual Studio Code Ansible Lightspeed extension's AnsiblePlaybookRunProvider. This command injection vulnerability allows an attacker to craft a malicious playbook filename containing special characters. When a victim runs the playbook,
- 7.8 High severity
Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
A flaw was found in ansible-core. The _extract_collection_from_git() function in ansible-core's concrete_artifact_manager.py constructs git clone commands without a '--' (end-of-options) separator before user-supplied URLs when installing collections from git
- 7.5 High severity
BuildKit: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
BuildKit custom frontends or clients using the raw low-level API can set git.checkoutbundle=true when checking out Git sources. If the Git source is malicious, this could lead to a crafted command invocation on the host.
- 7.8 High severity
FreeRDP: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
FreeRDP before 3.28.0 treats lines beginning with forward slash in RDP files as raw command-line options, exposing the entire CLI parser surface to untrusted files. Attackers can craft malicious RDP files with /rdp2tcp, /cert:ignore, or /drive options to execu
- 9.9 Critical severity
wekan: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command
Wekan is open source kanban built with Meteor. Prior to 9.07, Wekan avatar upload functionality embeds user-supplied filenames into paths later passed to child_process.exec() for MIME-type detection. Because models/avatars.js and models/fileValidation.js used
- 8.8 High severity
repomix: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Repomix is a tool that packs repositories into AI-friendly files. Prior to 1.14.1, src/core/git/gitCommand.ts execGitShallowClone passes the --remote-branch value directly to git fetch and git checkout without validation or --end-of-options, allowing --upload-
- 7.6 High severity
metabase: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Metabase is an open-source business intelligence and embedded analytics tool. From 1.57.0 until 1.57.19.1, 1.58.14.1, 1.59.10, and 1.60.4, an attacker who can configure a Metabase database connection can read arbitrary files from the Metabase server's filesyst
- 7.5 High severity
symfony: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Symfony is a PHP framework for web and console applications and a set of reusable PHP components. Prior to 5.4.52, 6.4.40, 7.4.12, and 8.0.12, SendmailTransport in -t mode appended recipient addresses to the sendmail command line without a -- end-of-options se
- 9.8 Critical severity
mcp-server-kubernetes: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
MCP Server Kubernetes before 3.9.0 contains an argument injection vulnerability in structured tools (kubectl_get, kubectl_describe, kubectl_delete) that allows attackers to bypass the assertNoDangerousFlags security check by supplying resourceType and name par
- 7.8 High severity
bosh-cli: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Argument Injection in bosh-cli allows a compromised BOSH Director to inject arbitrary OpenSSH options into the locally-spawned ssh process when an operator runs bosh ssh -c, bosh logs -f, or other non-interactive SSH paths, leading to local command execution o
- 10.0 Critical severity
crawl4ai: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Crawl4AI is an open-source LLM-friendly web crawler and scraper. Prior to 0.9.0, the Docker API server accepted request-supplied browser_config.extra_args, which flowed into Chromium's launch arguments. An attacker could inject Chromium switches that replace a
- 9.1 Critical severity
Apache Camel: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection') vulnerability in Apache Camel Docling component. The camel-docling component invokes the external `docling` command-line tool by assembling an argument list in DoclingProducer a
- 8.8 High severity
pardus-software: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Improper neutralization of argument delimiters in a command ('argument injection') vulnerability in TUBITAK BILGEM Software Technologies Research Institute pardus-software allows Argument Injection. This issue affects pardus-software: from <= 1.0.4 before 1.0.
- 8.8 High severity
Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces 3.29: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
A flaw was found in the vscode-java extension, which provides Java language support for Visual Studio Code. The extension incorrectly trusts all Markdown content in JavaDoc hovers, allowing a malicious Java file to include hidden commands. If a user clicks a s
- 9.3 Critical severity
filebrowser: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command
File Browser is a file managing interface for uploading, deleting, previewing, renaming, and editing files within a specified directory. Prior to 2.63.6, the Hook Authentication feature in File Browser allows administrators to delegate login verification to an
- 7.3 High severity
pnpm: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
pnpm is a package manager. Prior to 10.34.0 and 11.4.0, pnpm passes the lockfile-controlled git resolution.commit value to git fetch without a -- separator or commit-format validation. For git dependencies fetched through the shallow-fetch path, a malicious lo
- 9.8 Critical severity
cacti: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command
Cacti is an open source performance and fault management framework. Versions 1.2.30 and prior are vulnerable to Command Injection due to lack of sanitization in the escape_command() function. The escape_command() function at lib/rrd.php is a no-op: it returns
- 8.8 High severity
jellyfin: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Jellyfin is an open source self hosted media server. Prior to 10.11.10, a potential FFmpeg argument injection vulnerability exists in the subtitle conversion code path. SubtitleEncoder.ConvertTextSubtitleToSrtInternal (SubtitleEncoder.cs, line 382) interpolate
- 8.8 High severity
n8n: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to 1.123.43, 2.22.1, and 2.20.7, an authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows could inject CLI flags on the Git node's Push operation allowing an attacker to read arbitrary files
- 7.3 High severity
bedrock-agentcore: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Improper neutralization of argument delimiters in the install_packages() method in AWS Bedrock AgentCore Python SDK versions >= 1.1.3 and < 1.6.1 might allow a remote authenticated user to execute arbitrary commands within the Code Interpreter sandbox via craf