Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
CWE-88
The product constructs a string for a command to be executed by a separate component in another control sphere, but it does not properly delimit the intended arguments, options, or switches within that command string.
We track 287 vulnerabilities of this type. 100% are rated high or critical, and the average CVSS score is 8.5. 5 have been exploited in real attacks.
How this weakness is prevented
- Architecture and Design: Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your product: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, request headers as well as content, URL components, e-mail, files, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Perform input validation at well-defined interfaces.
- Implementation: Directly convert your input type into the expected data type, such as using a conversion function that translates a string into a number. After converting to the expected data type, ensure that the input's values fall within the expected range of allowable values and that multi-field consistencies are maintained.
- Implementation: When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so.
- Implementation: When your application combines data from multiple sources, perform the validation after the sources have been combined. The individual data elements may pass the validation step but violate the intended restrictions after they have been combined.
- Testing: Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Latest Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command vulnerabilities
- 9.9 Critical severity
WordPress-Toolkit: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Argument injection vulnerability in WordPress Toolkit before 6.11.0 as used in cPanel & WHM, allows remote authenticated users to bypass cross-tenant authorization and execute arbitrary wp-toolkit CLI commands as another account.
- 7.8 High severity
atril: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command
Atril Document Viewer is the default document reader of the MATE desktop environment for Linux. A single-click remote code execution vulnerability in versions prior to 1.26.3 and 1.28.4 allows an attacker to achieve arbitrary code execution as the user by tric
- 7.3 High severity
NoMachine: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection') vulnerability in Nomachine allows Argument Injection.This issue affects Nomachine: before 9.5.7, before 8.23.2.
- 7.8 High severity
ghidra: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Ghidra before 12.1 contains a command injection vulnerability in URL annotation handling on Windows where cmd.exe metacharacters are not properly escaped. Attackers can execute arbitrary commands under the Ghidra user's privileges by embedding malicious URLs i
- 7.8 High severity
Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for…: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
A flaw was found in ansible-core. The ansible-galaxy role install command processes dependency specifications from a role's meta/requirements.yml file. Due to improper neutralization of argument delimiters, a malicious role author can inject arbitrary git conf
- 8.1 High severity
smb-volume-release: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Input validation bypass in SMB volume mount handling in CloudFoundry Foundation diego-release allows low-privileged CF space developer to inject arbitrary kernel CIFS mount options via bypassing the mount-option allowlist, enabling privilege escalation and sec
- 8.3 High severity
launch-editor: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command
launch-editor allows users to open files with line numbers in editor from Node.js. Prior to version 2.9.0, due to the insufficient sanitization of the `file` argument in the `launchEditor`, an attacker can execute arbitrary commands on Windows by supplying a f
- 8.8 High severity
anything-llm: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command
AnythingLLM is an application that turns pieces of content into context that any LLM can use as references during chatting. Prior to 1.13.0, the filesystem-search-files agent skill passes its LLM-controlled pattern parameter to ripgrep as a positional argument
- 8.2 High severity
pam_usb: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command
pam_usb provides hardware authentication for Linux using ordinary removable media. Prior to 0.8.7, a crafted UUID such as $(id>/tmp/rce) in the config causes root RCE when pamusb-conf --reset-pads is run. A USB device with a crafted filesystem UUID (some contr
- 9.9 Critical severity
Lumiverse: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Lumiverse is a full-featured AI chat application. Prior to 0.9.7, the MCP server creation endpoint validates the command field against an allowlist of binary names but forwards the args array to the child process without any validation. Every binary on the all
- 9.1 Critical severity
Lumiverse: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Lumiverse is a full-featured AI chat application. Prior to 0.9.7, when the primary toSmbPath(fullPath) call throws, the method falls back to a dirname/basename split and only validates the directory prefix. The basename is concatenated directly into the smbcli
- 8.5 High severity
prefecthq/prefect: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
A vulnerability in the `GitHubRepository` block of the `prefect-github` integration in Prefect version 3.6.18 allows an attacker to inject arbitrary git command-line options via the `reference` field. The `reference` field is concatenated directly into a `git
- 8.8 High severity
iina: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
IINA before 1.4.3 contains a user-assisted command execution vulnerability that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands by supplying malicious mpv_-prefixed query parameters through the iina://open custom URL scheme handler. Attackers can deliver
- 7.0 High severity
vim: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command
Vim is an open source, command line text editor. Prior to 9.2.0479, a command injection vulnerability exists in tar#Vimuntar() in runtime/autoload/tar.vim when decompressing .tgz archives on Unix-like systems. The function builds :!gunzip and :!gzip -d command
- 9.1 Critical severity
core: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
OPNsense is a FreeBSD based firewall and routing platform. Prior to 26.1.8, unsanitized user input is passed to the DHCP configuration of the configured interface, which is processed by a shell script, allowing remote code execution as root on the underlying o
- 9.1 Critical severity
core: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
OPNsense is a FreeBSD based firewall and routing platform. Prior to 26.1.7, the XMLRPC method opnsense.restore_config_section fails to sanitize user supplied input leading to Remote Code Execution. This vulnerability is fixed in 26.1.7.
- 8.8 High severity
jupyterlab: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
JupyterLab is an extensible environment for interactive and reproducible computing, based on the Jupyter Notebook Architecture. From 4.0.0 to 4.5.6, the allow-list of extensions that can be installed from PyPI Extension Manager (allowed_extensions_uris) is not
- 8.8 High severity
Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI): Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
The Adversarial Robustness Toolbox (ART) thru 1.20.1 contains a command-line argument injection vulnerability in its Kubeflow component (robustness_evaluation_fgsm_pytorch.py). The script uses the unsafe eval() function to parse string values provided via the
- 8.2 High severity
exiftool-vendored.js: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
exiftool-vendored provides cross-platform Node.js access to ExifTool. Prior to 35.19.0, exiftool-vendored starts ExifTool in -stay_open True -@ - mode, where arguments are read from stdin one per line. In affected versions, several caller-supplied strings were
- 9.8 Critical severity
ArchiveBox: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
ArchiveBox is an open source self-hosted web archiving system. In versions 0.8.6rc0 and prior, the /add/ endpoint (AddView in core/views.py) accepts a config JSON field that gets merged into the crawl config without validation. This config is exported as envir
- 7.8 High severity
phpunit: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
PHPUnit is a testing framework for PHP. In versions 12.5.21 and 13.1.5, PHPUnit forwards PHP INI settings to child processes (used for isolated/PHPT test execution) as -d name=value command-line arguments without neutralizing INI metacharacters. Because PHP's
- 7.8 High severity
electerm: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command
electerm is an open-sourced terminal/ssh/sftp/telnet/serialport/RDP/VNC/Spice/ftp client. Prior to version 3.7.9, a code execution (RCE) vulnerability exists in electerm's SFTP open with system editor or "Edit with custom editor" feature. When a user opts to e
- 9.6 Critical severity
electerm: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
electerm is an open-sourced terminal/ssh/sftp/telnet/serialport/RDP/VNC/Spice/ftp client. In versions 3.8.15 and prior, Electerm's terminal hyperlink handler passes any URL clicked in the terminal directly to shell.openExternal without any protocol validation.
- 9.8 Critical severity
GitPython: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
GitPython is a python library used to interact with Git repositories. Prior to version 3.1.47, _clone() validates multi_options as the original list, then executes shlex.split(" ".join(multi_options)). A string like "--branch main --config core.hooksPath=/x" p
- 9.1 Critical severity
gotenberg: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Gotenberg is a Docker-powered stateless API for PDF files. In versions 8.30.1 and earlier, the metadata write endpoint validates metadata keys for control characters but leaves metadata values unsanitized. A newline character in a metadata value splits the Exi
- 7.4 High severity
Touchpanels (x60/x70): Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
A hidden console command is vulnerable to command injection flaw when control characters are passed to its second argument. A third party researcher Eugene Lim had discovered vulnerability in the way console command passes to a popen function call. Attackers w
- 9.8 Critical severity
simple-git: Improper Control of Generation of Code
Versions of the package simple-git before 3.36.0 are vulnerable to Remote Code Execution (RCE) due to an incomplete fix for [CVE-2022-25912](https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-SIMPLEGIT-3112221) that blocks the -c option but not the equivalent --config form
- 8.5 High severity
pipeline: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Tekton Pipelines project provides k8s-style resources for declaring CI/CD-style pipelines. Starting in version 1.0.0 and prior to versions 1.0.2, 1.3.4, 1.6.2, 1.9.3, and 1.11.1, the git resolver's revision parameter is passed directly as a positional argument
- 7.8 High severity
Software Fix: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
During an internal security assessment, a potential vulnerability was discovered in Lenovo Software Fix that could allow a local authenticated user to perform arbitrary code execution with elevated privileges.
- 8.1 High severity
mcp-server-kubernetes: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
mcp-server-kubernetes is a Model Context Protocol server for Kubernetes cluster management. Versions 3.4.0 and prior contain an argument injection vulnerability in the port_forward tool in src/tools/port_forward.ts, where a kubectl command is constructed via s
- 9.1 Critical severity
jellyfin: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Jellyfin is an open source self hosted media server. Versions prior to 10.11.7 contain an unauthenticated arbitrary file read vulnerability via ffmpeg argument injection through the StreamOptions query parameter parsing mechanism. The ParseStreamOptions method
- 9.0 Critical severity
upKeeper Instant Privilege Access: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Improper neutralization of argument delimiters in a command ('argument injection') vulnerability in upKeeper Solutions upKeeper Instant Privilege Access allows Hijacking a Privileged Thread of Execution.This issue affects upKeeper Instant Privilege Access: thr
- 7.1 High severity
CPython: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command
Mitgation of CVE-2026-4519 was incomplete. If the URL contained "%action" the mitigation could be bypassed for certain browser types the "webbrowser.open()" API could have commands injected into the underlying shell. See CVE-2026-4519 for details.
- 8.1 High severity
PraisonAI: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to 4.5.128, deploy.py constructs a single comma-delimited string for the gcloud run deploy --set-env-vars argument by directly interpolating openai_model, openai_key, and openai_base without validating that these
- 7.2 High severity
filebrowser: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command
File Browser is a file managing interface for uploading, deleting, previewing, renaming, and editing files within a specified directory. From 2.0.0 until 2.33.8, the hook system in File Browser — which executes administrator-defined shell commands on file even
- 8.8 High severity
electron: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Electron is a framework for writing cross-platform desktop applications using JavaScript, HTML and CSS. Prior to versions 38.8.6, 39.8.0, 40.7.0, and 41.0.0-beta.8, an undocumented commandLineSwitches webPreference allowed arbitrary switches to be appended to
- 7.6 High severity
Kubeplus: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
In KubePlus 4.1.4, the mutating webhook and kubeconfiggenerator components have an SSRF vulnerability when processing the chartURL field of ResourceComposition resources. The field is only URL-encoded without validating the target address. More critically, whe
- 9.8 Critical severity
Spring AI: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an Expression Language Statement
In Spring AI, a SpEL injection vulnerability exists in SimpleVectorStore when a user-supplied value is used as a filter expression key. A malicious actor could exploit this to execute arbitrary code. Only applications that use SimpleVectorStore and pass user-s
- 9.4 Critical severity
Marketing Cloud Engagement: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection') vulnerability in Salesforce Marketing Cloud Engagement allows Web Services Protocol Manipulation. This issue affects Marketing Cloud Engagement: before January 30th, 2026.
- 8.8 High severity
OpenClaw: Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.21 contain an approval-integrity mismatch vulnerability in system.run that allows authenticated operators to execute arbitrary trailing arguments after cmd.exe /c while approval text reflects only a benign command. Attackers c