Qualitor: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command
CVE-2025-5139 is a high-severity improper neutralization of special elements used in a command vulnerability in Qualitor, with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 8.1 out of 10. It can be exploited remotely over the network by an unauthenticated attacker, without any action from a user. Affected Qualitor versions: 8.20; 8.24. The record does not name a fixed version, so check the vendor advisory. There is no confirmed exploitation so far. EPSS estimates a 2.69% chance of exploitation within 30 days, higher than 86% of scored CVEs.
High severity with no evidence of exploitation so far.
What to do
- Check which version of Qualitor you run against the affected versions below, and install the vendor's latest release.
- Until you can update, restrict network access to the affected service so it is not reachable from untrusted networks.
Affected products and versions
Version data comes from the organisation that assigned the CVE. Confirm against the vendor advisory before deciding you are unaffected.
How the severity score breaks down
- Attack vector
- NetworkCan be exploited remotely over a network, including the internet.
- Attack complexity
- HighSuccess depends on conditions outside the attacker's control.
- Privileges required
- NoneNo account or login is needed.
- User interaction
- NoneNo action by a victim is required.
- Scope
- UnchangedImpact stays within the vulnerable component.
- Confidentiality
- HighAll data handled by the component can be read.
- Integrity
- HighData or code can be modified at will.
- Availability
- HighThe component can be taken down completely.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H. Scored by NVD.
| Scoring system | Score | Severity | Scored by |
|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS 4.0 | 2.9 | Low | CNA (vuldb.com) |
| CVSS 3.1 | 5.6 | Medium | CNA (vuldb.com) |
| CVSS 3.1 | 8.1 | High | NVD |
| CVSS 2.0 | 6.8 | Medium | CNA (vuldb.com) |
Official description
A vulnerability was found in Qualitor 8.20/8.24. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /html/ad/adconexaooffice365/request/testaConexaoOffice365.php of the component Office 365-type Connection Handler. The manipulation of the argument nmconexao leads to command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation is known to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Upgrading to version 8.20.56 and 8.24.31 is able to address this issue. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component.
Source: the CVE record as published by its numbering authority, via NVD and CVE.org.
The underlying weakness: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
How developers prevent this class of flaw
- If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
- If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
- Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
More Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command vulnerabilities (CWE-77)
Timeline
- CVE record published.
- CISA published its SSVC assessment (exploitation: none, automatable: yes, technical impact: partial).
- Record last changed materially (score, affected products, status or references).
References
Third-party and government advisories
- vuldb.com/?id.310220Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry
- vuldb.com/?submit.572477Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry
Technical write-ups (may include proof of concept)
Other references
- vuldb.com/?ctiid.310220Permissions Required, VDB Entry
Other vulnerabilities in Qualitor
- 7.3 High severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
Recent Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command vulnerabilities
- 8.8 High severity
- 7.3 High severity
- 8.8 High severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
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