CyberSecBulletin
CVE-2025-54833NVD status: Analyzed

FOIAXpress Public Access Link (PAL): Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts

Published Updated By the CyberSecBulletin desk

CVE-2025-54833 is a high-severity improper restriction of excessive authentication attempts vulnerability in FOIAXpress Public Access Link (PAL) from OPEXUS, with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.5 out of 10. It can be exploited remotely over the network by an unauthenticated attacker, without any action from a user. The record lists version 11.12.3.0 as the first without the flaw, so updating FOIAXpress Public Access Link (PAL) to that release or later removes the exposure. There is no confirmed exploitation so far. EPSS estimates a 0.61% chance of exploitation within 30 days, which is low compared with other CVEs.

Next patch cycle

High severity with no evidence of exploitation so far.

What to do

  1. Update FOIAXpress Public Access Link (PAL) to 11.12.3.0 or a later version.
  2. Update Foiaxpress Public Access Link to 11.12.3.0 or a later version.
  3. Until you can update, restrict network access to the affected service so it is not reachable from untrusted networks.

Affected products and versions

VendorProductAffected versionsFixed in
OPEXUSFOIAXpress Public Access Link (PAL)11.1.0 up to, but not including, 11.12.3.011.12.3.0
OpexustechFoiaxpress Public Access Link11.1.0 up to, but not including, 11.12.3.011.12.3.0

Version data comes from the organisation that assigned the CVE. Confirm against the vendor advisory before deciding you are unaffected.

How the severity score breaks down

Attack vector
NetworkCan be exploited remotely over a network, including the internet.
Attack complexity
LowNo special conditions are needed; the attack works reliably.
Privileges required
NoneNo account or login is needed.
User interaction
NoneNo action by a victim is required.
Scope
UnchangedImpact stays within the vulnerable component.
Confidentiality
HighAll data handled by the component can be read.
Integrity
NoneNothing can be modified.
Availability
NoneAvailability is not affected.

Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N. Scored by NVD.

Scoring systemScoreSeverityScored by
CVSS 4.06.9MediumCNA
CVSS 3.15.3MediumCNA
CVSS 3.17.5HighNVD

Official description

OPEXUS FOIAXpress Public Access Link (PAL) version v11.1.0 allows attackers to bypass account-lockout and CAPTCHA protections. Unauthenticated remote attackers can more easily brute force passwords.

Source: the CVE record as published by its numbering authority, via NVD and CVE.org.

The underlying weakness: Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts

The product does not implement sufficient measures to prevent multiple failed authentication attempts within a short time frame.

How developers prevent this class of flaw

  • Common protection mechanisms include: Disconnecting the user after a small number of failed attempts Implementing a timeout Locking out a targeted account Requiring a computational task on the user's part.
  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid. Consider using libraries with authentication capabilities such as OpenSSL or the ESAPI Authenticator.

More Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts vulnerabilities (CWE-307)

Timeline

  1. CVE record published.
  2. CISA published its SSVC assessment (exploitation: none, automatable: yes, technical impact: partial).
  3. Record last changed materially (score, affected products, status or references).

References

Third-party and government advisories

Other vulnerabilities in FOIAXpress Public Access Link (PAL)

All FOIAXpress Public Access Link (PAL) vulnerabilities

Recent Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts vulnerabilities

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