grav: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
CVE-2026-75574 is a high-severity improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine vulnerability in grav, with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 8.8 out of 10. It can be exploited remotely over the network by an attacker with a low-privileged account, without any action from a user. The record lists version 4.2.2 as the first without the flaw, so updating grav to that release or later removes the exposure. There is no confirmed exploitation so far. EPSS estimates a 0.66% chance of exploitation within 30 days, higher than 52% of scored CVEs.
High severity with no evidence of exploitation so far.
What to do
- Update grav to 4.2.2 or a later version.
- Read the advisory on github.com for workarounds and exact fixed builds.
Affected products and versions
Version data comes from the organisation that assigned the CVE. Confirm against the vendor advisory before deciding you are unaffected.
How the severity score breaks down
- Attack vector
- NetworkCan be exploited remotely over a network, including the internet.
- Attack complexity
- LowNo special conditions are needed; the attack works reliably.
- Privileges required
- LowA basic user account is enough.
- User interaction
- NoneNo action by a victim is required.
- Scope
- UnchangedImpact stays within the vulnerable component.
- Confidentiality
- HighAll data handled by the component can be read.
- Integrity
- HighData or code can be modified at will.
- Availability
- HighThe component can be taken down completely.
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H. Scored by CNA (vulncheck.com).
| Scoring system | Score | Severity | Scored by |
|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS 4.0 | 8.7 | High | CNA (vulncheck.com) |
| CVSS 3.1 | 8.8 | High | CNA (vulncheck.com) |
Official description
The Grav Email plugin (getgrav/grav-plugin-email) before 4.2.2 renders page-editor-controlled Email action parameters as unsandboxed Twig templates. An authenticated remote user with only api.access and api.pages.write permissions can place a Twig expression in header.form.process.email.body, publish the page, and submit the form to execute an arbitrary operating-system command as the account running PHP.
Source: the CVE record as published by its numbering authority, via NVD and CVE.org.
The underlying weakness: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
The product uses a template engine to insert or process externally-influenced input, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements or syntax that can be interpreted as template expressions or other code directives when processed by the engine.
How developers prevent this class of flaw
- Choose a template engine that offers a sandbox or restricted mode, or at least limits the power of any available expressions, function calls, or commands.
- Use the template engine's sandbox or restricted mode, if available.
Timeline
- CVE record published.
- CISA published its SSVC assessment (exploitation: none, automatable: no, technical impact: total).
- Record last changed materially (score, affected products, status or references).
References
Other vulnerabilities in grav
- 7.5 High severity
- 7.1 High severity
- 7.5 High severity
- 8.8 High severity
- 7.5 High severity
- 8.8 High severity
Recent Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine vulnerabilities
- 9.5 Critical severity
- 7.7 High severity
- 9.3 Critical severity
- 9.8 Critical severity
- 7.6 High severity
- 8.1 High severity
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