Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization
CWE-653
The product does not properly compartmentalize or isolate functionality, processes, or resources that require different privilege levels, rights, or permissions.
We track 56 vulnerabilities of this type. 98% are rated high or critical, and the average CVSS score is 8.6. 1 has been exploited in real attacks.
How this weakness is prevented
- Architecture and Design: Break up privileges between different modules, objects, or entities. Minimize the interfaces between modules and require strong access control between them.
Latest Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization vulnerabilities
- 9.3 Critical severity
Zenitel Connect: External Control of System or Configuration Setting
The host configuration watcher in Zenitel Connect before 1.11.0 applies a rsyslog configuration file written to a data volume that is shared with the hiatus application container, which allows local attackers with write access to the hiatus container filesyste
- 8.6 High severity
Zenitel Connect: Execution with Unnecessary Privileges
The pREST database REST API in Zenitel Connect firmware before 1.11.0 signs and verifies JWTs with the platform CA private key, which is stored on a data volume shared between containers, and sets the PostgreSQL session role from the unvalidated sub claim of e
- 8.8 High severity
Avast Antivirus, Avast One, Avast Premium…: Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Insufficient isolation in the Avast sandbox file virtualization layer on Windows allows a local, low-privileged attacker executing inside the sandbox to write arbitrary files outside sandbox containment and execute code on the host. The sandbox virtualizes fil
- 8.8 High severity
Avast Antivirus, Avast One, Avast Premium…: Improper Handling of Insufficient Permissions or Privileges
Improper isolation in the Avast sandbox on Windows allows a local, low-privileged attacker executing inside the sandbox to access COM interfaces to the Task Scheduler service, escape containment, and execute code with elevated privileges outside the sandbox. T
- 9.8 Critical severity
Apache Syncope: Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization
Improper isolation or compartmentalization vulnerability in Apache Syncope. An administrator with adequate entitlements for Implementations can create a malicious Groovy class running untrusted code on a separate Thread, thus bypassing the Groovy security sand
- 9.8 Critical severity
Apache Syncope: Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization
Improper isolation or compartmentalization vulnerability in Apache Syncope. An administrator with adequate entitlements can import arbitrary BPMN process definitions via the REST API and then start the process. When a BPMN process containing a JUEL expression
- 9.9 Critical severity
Beta9 worker: Improper Privilege Management
Beta9 turns each shell command in a tenant image definition into a Dockerfile RUN line and executes it with Buildah on the build worker. The worker image sets BUILDAH_ISOLATION=chroot, and no buildah invocation passes --isolation, so the step only changes its
- 8.8 High severity
n8n: Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization
n8n before 2.42.6, 2.43.x before 2.43.3, and 3.x before 3.0.1 contains a remote code execution vulnerability via deprecated Function, Function Item, and LangChain Code nodes running outside task runner isolation. Authenticated users who can create, modify, or
- 7.7 High severity
Amazon Athena: Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization
Incorrect authorization checks in Amazon Athena engine version 3 query processing could have allowed an authenticated user to read AWS account identifiers and SQL statement text query metadata from other AWS accounts. Query results, and data stored in Amazon S
- 8.1 High severity
trigger.dev: Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization
Trigger.dev before 4.5.6 self-hosted Docker Compose deployments using the default secrets from hosting/docker/.env.example allow authentication bypass because the hardcoded MAGIC_LINK_SECRET lets anyone forge valid magic link tokens. Unauthenticated attackers
- 8.8 High severity
JoySafeter: Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization
JoySafeter through 1.0.0 contains a remote code execution vulnerability that allows authenticated users to run operating system commands via an unsandboxed execute tool in Copilot standard mode. Attackers can self-register, select standard mode in the WebSocke
- 8.4 High severity
Notes Station 3: Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization
An improper isolation or compartmentalization vulnerability has been reported to affect Notes Station 3. If a local attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to compromise the security of the system. We have already fixed
- 9.9 Critical severity
astron-agent: Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code
Astron Agent is an agentic workflow platform for building and running AI agents. Prior to 1.1.2, the default workflow code-node path through /console-api/workflow/code/run and /workflow/v1/run selects LocalExecutor in core/workflow/engine/nodes/code/code_node.
- 7.3 High severity
Ghost: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation
Ghost is a Node.js content management system. From version 6.34.0 until 6.67.0, embed cards in the Ghost editor could bypass protections against stored cross-site scripting. Any staff user, including Contributors, could store scripts in post content that ran w
- 8.8 High severity
Core: Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization
The sandbox that isolates document conversion on a Kiteworks appliance did not fully confine the code running inside it. Code already executing within that sandbox could potentially escape its confinement and act with the privileges of the service account that
- 9.6 Critical severity
iSteamX application: Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization
Prior to 9/18/2026, the iSteamX mobile application's AWS policy could grant authenticated users access to wildcard MQTT topics, which can expose other users' device data and allow the attacker to start and stop other connected users' devices. This risked expos
- 8.8 High severity
Avast Free Antivirus, Avast One, Avast Premium…: Improper Preservation of Permissions
Improper preservation of permissions in the Avast sandbox minifilter driver (aswSnx.sys) on Windows allows a local, low-privileged attacker executing inside the sandbox to escape file isolation and escalate to SYSTEM. When the sandbox virtualizes a file it cop
- 7.6 High severity
PraisonAI: Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization
PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. From 1.2.3 until 1.7.2, SandboxExecutor network-isolated mode in src/praisonai-ts/src/cli/features/sandbox-executor.ts uses buildEnv() only to inject invalid http_proxy and https_proxy environment variables and does not
- 8.5 High severity
kamaji: Improper Access Control
Kamaji is the Hosted Control Plane Manager for Kubernetes. Prior to 26.7.4-edge, Kamaji derives a TenantControlPlane datastore schema, database user, and etcd key prefix from a lossy namespace-and-name normalization in GetDefaultDatastoreSchema() and GetDefaul
- 8.3 High severity
boruta: Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization
Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization vulnerability in malach-it boruta (Elixir.Boruta.Openid module) allows attackers to register OpenID Connect clients with administrative privileges through the dynamic client registration entry point. Boruta.Openid.reg
- 9.8 Critical severity
Apache Syncope: Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization
Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization vulnerability in Apache Syncope. An administrator with adequate entitlements for Implementations can create a malicious Groovy class containing untrusted code bypassing the Groovy security sandbox. This issue affects
- 9.8 Critical severity
Apache Syncope: Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization
Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization vulnerability in Apache Syncope. An administrator with adequate entitlements can achieve remote code execution through the connector subsystem by relying on scripted connectors' (REST and SQL) capability to run Groovy
- 9.8 Critical severity
Apache Syncope: Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization
Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization vulnerability in Apache Syncope. An administrator with adequate entitlements can import arbitrary BPMN process definitions via the REST API and then start the process. When a BPMN process containing a Groovy scriptTas
- 8.5 High severity
aws-load-balancer-controller: Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization
Incorrect behavior order in the Gateway API listener-rule generation in Amazon AWS Load Balancer Controller before 3.4.2 might allow an authenticated remote user to intercept, spoof, or deny another namespace's gRPC traffic on a shared Gateway via a crafted HT
- 7.5 High severity
Firefox: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Sandbox escape due to incorrect boundary conditions in the Networking component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 152, Firefox ESR 140.12, Firefox ESR 115.37, Thunderbird 152, and Thunderbird 140.12.
- 7.5 High severity
Firefox: Protection Mechanism Failure
Sandbox escape in the DOM: Navigation component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 152, Firefox ESR 140.12, Firefox ESR 115.37, Thunderbird 152, and Thunderbird 140.12.
- 7.2 High severity
Apache Syncope: Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization
Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization vulnerability in Apache Syncope. An administrator with adequate entitlements for Implementations can create a malicious Groovy class containing untrusted code reaching a non-sandboxed execution path via the class stat
- 9.8 Critical severity
vm2: Exposure of Resource to Wrong Sphere
vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.2, VM2 suffers from a sandbox breakout vulnerability. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system. This vulnerability is
- 10.0 Critical severity
vm2: Improper Control of Generation of Code
vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. From 3.9.6 to 3.10.5, vm2's bridge exposes mutable proxies for real host-realm intrinsic prototypes and then forwards sandbox writes into the underlying host objects with otherReflectSet() and otherReflectDefinePro
- 10.0 Critical severity
vm2: Improper Control of Generation of Code
vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.0, it is possible to obtain the host Object. There are various ways to use the host Object, to escape the sandbox, one example would be using HostObject.getOwnPropertySymbols to obtain Symbol(nodejs.u
- 7.5 High severity
Firefox: Protection Mechanism Failure
Sandbox escape in the Profile Backup component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 150.0.3, Firefox ESR 115.36, Firefox ESR 140.11, and Thunderbird 140.11.
- 9.8 Critical severity
vm2: Protection Mechanism Failure
vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. In version 3.10.4, vm2 is vulnerable to full sandbox escape with arbitrary code execution. Attacker code inside VM.run() obtains host process object and runs host commands with zero host cooperation. This issue has
- 10.0 Critical severity
vm2: Improper Control of Generation of Code
vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to version 3.11.0, SuppressedError allows attackers to escape the sandbox and run arbitrary code. This issue has been patched in version 3.11.0.
- 9.8 Critical severity
vm2: Improper Control of Generation of Code
vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to version 3.11.0, VM2 suffers from a sandbox breakout vulnerability through the inspect function. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on t
- 8.8 High severity
Spring gRPC: Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization
When an authenticated user is denied access to a gRPC method, their authenticated identity remains bound to the gRPC worker thread and can be inherited by a subsequent unauthenticated request on the same thread. This may allow the subsequent user to gain escal
- 9.8 Critical severity
electron: Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization
Electron is a framework for writing cross-platform desktop applications using JavaScript, HTML and CSS. Prior to versions 38.8.6, 39.8.4, 40.8.4, and 41.0.0, the nodeIntegrationInWorker webPreference was not correctly scoped in all configurations. In certain p
- 7.4 High severity
Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2: Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization
A flaw was found in Keycloak. The SingleUseObjectProvider, a global key-value store, lacks proper type and namespace isolation. This vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker to forge authorization codes. Successful exploitation can lead to the creation
- 8.1 High severity
Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.25: Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization
A flaw was found in Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) llama-stack-operator. This vulnerability allows unauthorized access to Llama Stack services deployed in other namespaces via direct network requests, because no NetworkPolicy restricts access to the llama-stack
- 10.0 Critical severity
Firefox: Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization
Sandbox escape in the Responsive Design Mode component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 149, Firefox ESR 115.34, Firefox ESR 140.9, Thunderbird 149, and Thunderbird 140.9.
- 9.2 Critical severity
ServiceNow AI Platform: Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization
ServiceNow has addressed a remote code execution vulnerability that was identified in the ServiceNow AI platform. This vulnerability could enable an unauthenticated user, in certain circumstances, to execute code within the ServiceNow Sandbox. ServiceNow addre